Probing the parameters of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence and cloud of strings through four standard astrophysical tests

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In this paper, we concern about applying general relativistic tests on the spacetime produced by a static black hole associated with cloud of strings, in a universe filled with quintessence.

• The four tests we apply are precession of the perihelion in the planetary orbits, gravitational redshift, deflection of light, and the Shapiro time delay.
• Through this process, we constrain the spacetime's parameters in the context of the observational data, which results in about $\sim 10^{-9}$ for the cloud of strings parameter, and $\sim 10^{-20}$ m$^{-1}$ for that of quintessence.
• The response of the black hole to the gravitational perturbations is also discussed.