Gluon gravitational structure of hadrons of different spin

Understand

The gravitational form factors (GFFs) of hadrons encode the matrix elements of the energy momentum tensor of QCD.

• These quantities describe how energy, spin, and various mechanical properties of hadrons are carried by their quark and gluon constituents.
• We present the gluon GFFs of the pion, nucleon, $\rho$ meson, and $\Delta$ baryon as functions of the squared momentum transfer $t$ in the region $0 \leq -t < 2 \; \text{GeV}^2$, as determined in a lattice QCD study with pion mass $m_{\pi} = 450(5) \; \text{MeV}$.
• By fitting the extracted GFFs using multipole and z-parameter expansion functional forms, we extract various gluon contributions to the energy, pressure, and shear force distributions of the hadrons in the 3D and 2D Breit frames as well as in the infinite momentum frame.