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While named entity recognition (NER) is a key task in natural language processing, most approaches only target flat entities, ignoring nested structures which are common in many scenarios.
Hierarchical nested named entity recognition
Zita Marinho, Alfonso Mendes, Sebastiao Miranda, and David Nogueira · 1904
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Effective adaptation of a hidden markov model-based named entity recognizer for biomedical domain
Dan Shen, Jie Zhang, Guodong Zhou, Jian Su, and Chew-Lim Tan · 2003
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The automatic content extraction (ace) program-tasks, data, and evaluation
George R Doddington, Alexis Mitchell, Mark A Przybocki, Lance A Ramshaw, Stephanie M Strassel, and Ralph M Weischedel · 2004
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Enhancing hmm-based biomedical named entity recognition by studying special phenomena
Jie Zhang, Dan Shen, Guodong Zhou, Jian Su, and Chew-Lim Tan · 2004
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Ace 2005 multilingual training corpus
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Recognizing names in biomedical texts using mutual information independence model and svm plus sigmoid
GD Zhou · 2006
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Recognising nested named entities in biomedical text
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Joint mention extraction and classification with mention hypergraphs
Wei Lu and Dan Roth · 2015
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Focal loss for dense object detection
Tsung-Yi Lin, Priya Goyal, Ross B. Girshick, Kaiming He, and Piotr Dollár · 2017
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Nested named entity recognition revisited
Arzoo Katiyar and Claire Cardie · 2018
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Neural segmental hypergraphs for overlapping mention recognition
Bailin Wang and Wei Lu · 2018
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Deep exhaustive model for nested named entity recognition
Mohammad Golam Sohrab and Makoto Miwa · 2018
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Labeling gaps between words: Recognizing overlapping mentions with mention separators
Aldrian Obaja Muis and Wei Lu · 2018
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A neural transition-based model for nested mention recognition
Bailin Wang, Wei Lu, Yu Wang, and Hongxia Jin · 2018
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A neural layered model for nested named entity recognition
Meizhi Ju, Makoto Miwa, and Sophia Ananiadou · 2018
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Multi-grained named entity recognition
Congying Xia, Chenwei Zhang, Tao Yang, Yaliang Li, Nan Du, Xian Wu, Wei Fan, Fenglong Ma, and Philip Yu · 2019
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Merge and label: A novel neural network architecture for nested ner
Joseph Fisher and Andreas Vlachos · 2019
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A boundary-aware neural model for nested named entity recognition
Changmeng Zheng, Yi Cai, Jingyun Xu, Ho-fung Leung, and Guandong Xu · 2019
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Combining spans into entities: A neural two-stage approach for recognizing discontiguous entities
Bailin Wang and Wei Lu · 2019
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Neural architectures for nested ner through linearization
Jana Strakova, Milan Straka, and Jan Hajic · 2019
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Sequence-to-nuggets: Nested entity mention detection via anchor-region networks
Hongyu Lin, Yaojie Lu, Xianpei Han, and Le Sun · 2019
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Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova · 2018
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NNE: A dataset for nested named entity recognition in english newswire
Nicky Ringland, Xiang Dai, Ben Hachey, Sarvnaz Karimi, Cécile Paris, and James R. Curran · 2019
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A general framework for information extraction using dynamic span graphs
Yi Luan, Dave Wadden, Luheng He, Amy Shah, Mari Ostendorf, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi · 2019
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Fixing weight decay regularization in adam
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter · 2019
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Boundary enhanced neural span classification for nested named entity recognition
Chuanqi Tan, Wei Qiu, Mosha Chen, Rui Wang, and Fei Huang · 2020
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Nested named entity recognition via second-best sequence learning and decoding
Takashi Shibuya and Eduard Hovy · 2020
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