Unitarity constraints on ALP interactions

Understand

We derive partial-wave unitarity constraints on gauge-invariant interactions of an Axion-Like Particle (ALP) up to dimension-6 from all allowed $2\to2$ scattering processes in the limit of large center-of-mass energy.

• We find that the strongest bounds stem from scattering amplitudes with one external ALP and only apply to the coupling to a pair of $SU(2)_L$ gauge bosons.
• Couplings to $U(1)_Y$ and $SU(3)_C$ gauge bosons and to fermions are more loosely constrained.