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G. Penington, Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction and the Information Paradox , 1905.08255
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Almheiri, N. Engelhardt, D. Marolf and H. Maxfield, The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole , JHEP 12
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Penington, S. H. Shenker, D. Stanford and Z. Yang, Replica wormholes and the black hole interior , 1911.11977
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Almheiri, T. Hartman, J. Maldacena, E. Shaghoulian and A. Tajdini, Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation , 1911.12333
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Hawking, Particle Creation by Black Holes , Commun. Math. Phys. 43
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. W. Hawking, Breakdown of Predictability in Gravitational Collapse , Phys. Rev. D14
1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. R. Coleman, Black Holes as Red Herrings: Topological Fluctuations and the Loss of Quantum Coherence , Nucl. Phys. B307
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings and A. Strominger, Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity , Nucl. Phys. B307
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings and A. Strominger, Baby Universes, Third Quantization and the Cosmological Constant , Nucl. Phys. B321
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Polchinski and A. Strominger, A Possible resolution of the black hole information puzzle , Phys. Rev. D50
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.

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Then

P.-S. Hsin, L. V. Iliesiu and Z. Yang, A violation of global symmetries from replica wormholes and the fate of black hole remnants , 2011.09444
Original
2011
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Y. Chen and H. W. Lin, Signatures of global symmetry violation in relative entropies and replica wormholes , 2011.06005
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2011
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S. Colin-Ellerin, X. Dong, D. Marolf, M. Rangamani and Z. Wang, Real-time gravitational replicas: Formalism and a variational principle , 2012.00828
Original
2012
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A. Lewkowycz and J. Maldacena, Generalized gravitational entropy , JHEP 08
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D. Harlow, Jerusalem Lectures on Black Holes and Quantum Information , Rev. Mod. Phys. 88

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2021

The Page curve and baby universes

Marolf, Donald, Maxfield, Henry

Understand

Black hole thermodynamics suggests that, in order to describe the physics of distant observers, one may model a black hole as a standard quantum system with density of states set by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy $S_\mathrm{BH}$.

This idea has long been considered to be in strong tension with Hawking's prediction that radiation from black holes is nearly thermal, and with low-energy gravity more generally.
But the past two years have shown that low-energy gravity does offer a self-consistent description of black hole evaporation consistent with the above idea, and which in particular reproduces the famous Page curve.
We provide a brief overview of this new paradigm, focusing on Lorentz-signature asymptotically-flat spacetimes, and emphasising operationally-defined observables that probe the entropy of Hawking radiation.

Built on

G. Penington, Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction and the Information Paradox , 1905.08255
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Almheiri, N. Engelhardt, D. Marolf and H. Maxfield, The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole , JHEP 12
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Penington, S. H. Shenker, D. Stanford and Z. Yang, Replica wormholes and the black hole interior , 1911.11977
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Almheiri, T. Hartman, J. Maldacena, E. Shaghoulian and A. Tajdini, Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation , 1911.12333
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Hawking, Particle Creation by Black Holes , Commun. Math. Phys. 43
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. W. Hawking, Breakdown of Predictability in Gravitational Collapse , Phys. Rev. D14
1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. R. Coleman, Black Holes as Red Herrings: Topological Fluctuations and the Loss of Quantum Coherence , Nucl. Phys. B307
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings and A. Strominger, Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity , Nucl. Phys. B307
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings and A. Strominger, Baby Universes, Third Quantization and the Cosmological Constant , Nucl. Phys. B321
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Polchinski and A. Strominger, A Possible resolution of the black hole information puzzle , Phys. Rev. D50
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.