Detectable Gravitational Wave Signals from Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis

Understand

In Affleck-Dine baryogenesis, the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated through the evolution of the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a scalar condensate.

• This scalar condensate generically fragments into non-topological solitons (Q-balls).
• If they are sufficiently long-lived, they lead to an early matter domination epoch, which enhances the primordial gravitational wave signal for modes that enter the horizon during this epoch.
• The sudden decay of the Q-balls into fermions results in a rapid transition from matter to radiation domination, producing a sharp peak in the gravitational wave power spectrum.