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In this article, we provide a review of the current state of the research of the black hole shadow, focusing on analytical (as opposed to numerical and observational) studies.
E. Teo, Spherical photon orbits around a Kerr black hole, Gen. Rel. Grav. 35 (2003) 1909
1909
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D. Hilbert, Die Grundlagen der Physik. (Zweite Mitteilung), Nachr. Gesellsch. Wissensch. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. (1917) 53
1917
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F. Kottler, Über die physikalischen Grundlagen der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 361 (1918) 401
1918
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G. C. McVittie, The mass-particle in an expanding universe, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 93 (1933) 325
1933
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A. Einstein, N. Rosen, The particle problem in the general theory of relativity, Phys. Rev. 48 (1935) 73
1935
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J. R. Oppenheimer, H. Snyder, On continued gravitational contraction, Phys. Rev. 56 (1939) 455
1939
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A. Einstein, and E. G. Straus, The influence of the expansion of space on the gravitation fields surrounding the individual stars, Rev. Mod. Phys. 17 (1945) 120
1945
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A. Einstein, E. G. Straus, Corrections and additional remarks to our paper: The influence of the expansion of space on the gravitation fields surrounding the individual stars, Rev. Mod. Phys. 18 (1946) 148
1946
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Schücking, Das Schwarzschildsche Linienelement und die Expansion des Weltalls, Z. Phys. 137 (1954) 595
1954
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Mattig, Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Rotverschiebung und scheinbarer Helligkeit, Astron. Nachr. 284 (1958) 109
1958
Earlier work this paper cites.
J.L. Synge, Relativity: The General Theory, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1960)
1960
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ya. B. Zeldovich, Observations in a universe homogeneous in the mean, Sov. Astron. 8 (1964) 13
1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ya.B. Zeldovich, I.D. Novikov, Relativistic astrophysics. II., Sov. Phys. Usp. 8 (1966) 522, Russian original: Usp. Fiz. Nauk 86 (1965) 447
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. d’E. Atkinson, On light tracks near a very massive star, Astronomical Journal 70 (1965) 517
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
E.T. Newman, A.I. Janis, Note on the Kerr spinning-particle metric, J. Math. Phys. 6 (1965) 915
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. M. Dashevskii, Ya. B. Zeldovich, Sov. Astron. 8 (1965) 854
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. L. Synge, The escape of photons from gravitationally intense stars, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 131 (1966) 463
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
D.O. Muhleman, I.D. Johnston, Radio propagation in the solar gravitational field, Phys. Rev. Lett. 17 (1966) 455
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Carter, Global structure of the Kerr family of gravitational fields, Phys. Rev. 174 (1968) 1559
1968
Earlier work this paper cites.
W.L. Ames, K.S. Thorne, The optical appearance of a star that is collapsing through its gravitational radius, Astrophys. J. 151 (1968) 659
1968
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Jaffe, Collapsing objects and the backward emission of light, Ann. Phys. (NY) 55 (1969) 374
1969
Earlier work this paper cites.
C.T. Cunningham, J.M. Bardeen, The optical appearance of a star orbiting an extreme Kerr black hole, Astrophy. J. Lett. 173 (1972) L137
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. M. Bardeen, Timelike and null geodesics in the Kerr metric, in Black Holes
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
C.W. Misner, K.S. Thorne, J.A. Wheeler, Gravitation, Freeman, San Francisco (1973)
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
C.T. Cunningham, J.M. Bardeen, The optical appearance of a star orbiting an extreme Kerr black hole Astrophys. J. 183 (1973) 237
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
H. Ellis, Ether flow through a drainhole: A particle model in general relativity, J.Math.Phys. 14 (1973) 104
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, A. A. Ruzmaikin, The accretion of matter by a collapsing star in the presence of a magnetic field, Astrophys. Space Sci. 28 (1974) 45
1974
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Bičák, P. Hadrava, General-relativistic radiative transfer theory in refractive and dispersive media, Astron. Astrophys. 44 (1975) 389
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. J. Young, Capture of particles from plunge orbits by a black hole, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 3281
1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, A. A. Ruzmaikin, The accretion of matter by a collapsing star in the presence of a magnetic field. II. Selfconsistent stationary picture, Astrophys. Space Sci. 42 (1976) 401
1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Lake and R.C. Roeder, Effects of a nonvanishing cosmological constant on the spherically symmetric vacuum manifold, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 3513
1977
Earlier work this paper cites.
J.-P. Luminet, Image of a spherical black hole with thin accretion disk, Astron. Astrophys.75 (1979) 228
1979
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Lake, R.C. Roeder, Note on the optical appearance of a star collapsing through its gravitational radius, Astrophys. J. 232 (1979) 277
1979
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Breuer, J. Ehlers, Propagation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves through a magnetized plasma in curved space-time. I, Proc. Roy. Soc. London. A 370 (1980) 389
1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Chandrasekhar, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford (1983)
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
Z. Stuchlík, The motion of test particles in black-hole backgrounds with non-zero cosmological constant, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czechoslovakia 34 (1983) 129
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ya. B. Zeldovich, I.D. Novikov, Relativistic Astrophysics. Vol.2: The structure and Evolution of the Universe Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago (1983)
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
J.N. Islam, The cosmological constant and classical tests of general relativity, Phys. Lett. A 97 (1983) 239
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
L. Chetouani, G. Clément, Geometrical optics in the Ellis geometry, Gen. Rel. Grav. 16 (1984) 111
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
Z. Stuchlík, An Einstein-Strauss-de Sitter model of the universe, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czechoslovakia 35 (1984) 205
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
I. G. Dymnikova, Motion of particles and photons in the gravitational field of a rotating body, Sov. Phys. Usp. 29 (1986) 215
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
A.K. Pande, M.C. Durgapal, Trapping of photons in spherical static configurations, Class. Quantum Grav. 3 (1986) 547
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. F. Zakharov, Types of unbound geodesics in the Kerr metric, Sov. Phys. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 64 (1986) 1
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
B.F. Schutz, Determining the Hubble constant from gravitational wave observations, Nature 323 (1986) 310
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. S. Morris, K. S. Thorne, Wormholes in space-time and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity, Amer. J. Phys. 56 (1988) 395
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Balbinot, R. Bergamini, A. Comastri, Solution of the Einstein-Strauss problem with a Λ \Lambda term, Phys. Rev. D 38 (1988) 2415
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. V. Bliokh, A. A. Minakov, Gravitational Lenses (in Russian), Naukova Dumka, Kiev, (1989)
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Schücker, Lensing in an interior Kottler solution, Gen. Rel. Grav. 42 (2010) 1991
1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. Schneider, J. Ehlers, E. E. Falco, Gravitational Lenses, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1992)
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. D. Blandford, R. Narayan, Cosmological applications of gravitational lensing, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30 (1992) 311
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Sen, Rotating charged black hole solution in heterotic string theory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 1006
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Kulsrud, A. Loeb, Dynamics and gravitational interaction of waves in nonuniform media, Phys. Rev. D 45 (1992) 525
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. U. Viergutz, Image generation in Kerr geometry. I. Analytical investigations on the stationary emitter-observer problem, Astron. Astrophys. 272 (1993) 355
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. F. Zakharov, Particle capture cross sections for a Reissner–Nordström black hole, Class. Quantum Grav. 11 (1994) 1027
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
K.P. Rauch, R.D. Blandford, Optical Caustics in a Kerr space-time and the origin of rapid X-ray variability in Active Galactic Nuclei, Astrophys. J. 421 (1994) 46
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
O. Semerák, Photon escape cones in the Kerr field, Helv. Phys. Acta 69 (1996) 69
1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Teo, Rotating traversable wormholes, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 024014
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. C. Nolan, A point mass in an isotropic universe: Existence, uniqueness, and basic properties, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 064006
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
A.G. Riess, A.V. Filippenko, P. Challis et al, Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant, Astron. J. 116 (1998) 1009
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
Z. Stuchlík, S. Hledík, Some properties of the Schwarzschild–de Sitter and Schwarzschild–anti-de Sitter space-times, Phys. Rev. D 60 (1999) 044006
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Perlmutter, G. Aldering, G. Goldhaber et al, Measurements of Ω \Omega and Λ \Lambda from 42 high-redshift supernovae, Astrophys. J. 517 (1999) 565
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
H. Falcke, F. Melia, E. Agol, Viewing the shadow of the black hole at the Galactic center, Astrophys. J. Lett. 528 (2000) L13
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
K.S. Virbhadra, G.F.R. Ellis, Schwarzschild black hole lensing, Phys. Rev. D 62 (2000) 084003
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. de Vries, The apparent shape of a rotating charged black hole, closed photon orbits and the bifurcation set A 4 A_{4} , Class. Quantum Grav. 17 (2000) 123
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Perlick, Ray Optics, Fermat’s Principle, and Applications to General Relativity, Springer, Berlin (2000)
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. O. Petters, H. Levine, J. Wambsganss, Singularity Theory and Gravitational Lensing, Birkhäuser, Boston, MA (2001)
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
F. Melia and H. Falcke, The Supermassive Black Hole at the Galactic Center, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 39 (2001) 309
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Bozza, S. Capozziello, G. Iovane, G. Scarpetta, Strong field limit of black hole gravitational lensing, Gen. Rel. Grav. 33 (2001) 1535
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Clarissa-Marie Claudel, K.S. Virbhadra, G.F.R. Ellis, The geometry of photon surfaces, J. Math. Phys. 42 (2001) 818
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Hasse and V. Perlick, Gravitational lensing in spherically symmetric static spacetimes with centrifugal force reversal, Gen. Rel. Grav. 34 (2002) 415
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. S. Virbhadra and G. F. R. Ellis, Gravitational lensing by naked singularities, Phys. Rev. D 65 (2002) 103004
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Bozza, Gravitational lensing in the strong field limit, Phys. Rev. D 66 (2002) 103001
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
E.F. Eiroa, G.E. Romero, D.F. Torres, Reissner-Nordström black hole lensing, Phys. Rev. D 66 (2002) 024010
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
M.A. Abramowicz, W. Kluźniak, J.-P. Lasota, No observational proof of the black-hole event-horizon, Astr. Astrophys.396 (2002) L31
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Fukue, Silhouette of a dressed black hole, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 55 (2003) 155
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Broderick, R. Blandford, Covariant magnetoionic theory – I. Ray propagation, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 342 (2003) 1280
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
I.V. Igumenshchev, R. Narayan, M.A. Abramowicz, Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of radiatively inefficient accretion flows, Astrophys. J. 592 (2003) 1042
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Narayan, I.V. Igumenshchev, M.A. Abramowicz, Magnetically Arrested Disk: an energetically efficient accretion flow, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 55 (2003) L69
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Perlick, Gravitational lensing from a space-time Perspective, Liv. Rev. Relativity 7 (2004) 9
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Takahashi, Shapes and positions of black hole shadows in accretion disks and spin parameters of black holes, Astrophys. J. 611 (2004) 996
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Perlick, Exact gravitational lens equation in spherically symmetric and static space-times, Phys. Rev. D69 (2004) 064017
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Broderick, R. Blandford, Covariant magnetoionic theory – II. Radiative transfer, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 349 (2004) 994
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. E. Broderick, A. Loeb, Imaging bright-spots in the accretion flow near the black hole horizon of Sgr A*, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 363 (2005) 353
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
A.F. Zakharov, A.A. Nucita, F. DePaolis, G. Ingrosso, Measuring the black hole parameters in the galactic center with RADIOASTRON, New Astronomy 10 (2005) 479
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. F. Zakharov, F. De Paolis, G. Ingrosso and A. A. Nucita, Direct measurements of black hole charge with future astrometrical missions, Astronomy and Astrophysics 442 (2005) 795
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Perlick, On totally umbilic submanifolds of semi-Riemannian manifolds, Nonlinear Anal. 63 (2005) e511
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Bozza, F. De Luca, G. Scarpetta, M. Sereno, Analytic Kerr black hole lensing for equatorial observers in the strong deflection limit, Phys. Rev. D, 72 (2005) 083003
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Mukhanov, Physical Foundations of Cosmology, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2005)
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
D.E. Holz, S.A. Hughes, Using gravitational-wave standard sirens, Astrophys. J. 629 (2005) 15
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. Schneider, C. S. Kochanek, J. Wambsganss, Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak and Micro, Springer, Berlin (2006)
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Hasse V. Perlick, A Morse-theoretical analysis of gravitational lensing in the Kerr-Newman spacetime, J. Math. Phys. 47 (2006) 042503
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Bozza, F. De Luca, G. Scarpetta, Kerr black hole lensing for generic observers in the strong deflection limit, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 063001
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
K.K. Nandi, Y.-Zh. Zhang, A.V. Zakharov, Gravitational lensing by wormholes, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 024020
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
M.P. Hobson, G.P. Efstathiou, A.N. Lasenby, General Relativity: An Introduction for Physicists. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2006)
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. Bakala, P. Čermàk, S. Hledík, Z. Stuchlík, K. Truparovà, A virtual trip to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole, arXiv:gr-qc/0612124 (2006)
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
V. P. Frolov, K. Kim, H. K. Lee, Spectral broadening of radiation from relativistic collapsing objects, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 087501
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
P. Bakala, P. Čermák, S. Hledík, Z. Stuchlík, and K. Truparová, Extreme gravitational lensing in vicinity of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes, Central Europ. J. Phys. 5 (2007) 599
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
W. Rindler, M. Ishak, Contribution of the cosmological constant to the relativistic bending of light revisited, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 043006
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, O.Yu. Tsupko, Strong gravitational lensing by Schwarzschild black holes, Astrophysics 51 (2008) 99
2008
M.E. Aghili, B. Bolen, L. Bombelli, Effect of accelerated global expansion on the bending of light, Gen. Rel. Grav. 49 (2017) 10
2017
Later among the works it cites.
B.J.T. Jones, Precision Cosmology: The First Half Million Years, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2017)
2017
Later among the works it cites.
B.P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T.D. Abbott et al, A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant, Nature 551 (2017) 85
2017
Later among the works it cites.
V. Perlick, O. Yu. Tsupko, Light propagation in a plasma on Kerr space-time: Separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and calculation of the shadow, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 104003
2017
Later among the works it cites.
A. Rogers, Escape and trapping of low-frequency gravitationally lensed rays by compact objects within plasma, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 465 (2017) 2151
2017
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Cited alongside, same era.
V. Bozza, Optical caustics of Kerr space-time: The full structure Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 063014
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
T. Müller, Exact geometric optics in a Morris-Thorne wormhole space-time, Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 044043
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
E. Hackmann, C. Lämmerzahl, Complete analytic solution of the geodesic equation in Schwarzschild-(anti-)de Sitter space-times, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 171101
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
E. Hackmann, C. Lämmerzahl, Geodesic equation in Schwarzschild-(anti-)de Sitter space-times: Analytical solutions and applications, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 024035
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
M. Mościbrodzka, Ch.F. Gammie, J. C. Dolence, H. Shiokawa, Po Kin Leung, Radiative models of Sgr A* from GRMHD simulations, Astrophys. J. 706 (2009) 497
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
J. Dexter, E. Agol, P. Chris Fragile, Millimeter flares and VLBI visibilities from relativistic simulations of magnetized accretion onto the Galactic center black hole, Astrophys. J. Lett. 703 (2009) L142
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
A.E. Broderick, A. Loeb, Imaging the black hole silhouette of M87: Implications for jet formation and black hole spin, Astrophy. J. 697 (2009) 1164
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
A. Rogers, Gravitational lensing of rays through the levitating atmospheres of compact objects, Universe 3 (2017) 3
2017
Later among the works it cites.
K. Schulze-Koops, V. Perlick, D.J. Schwarz, Sachs equations for light bundles in a cold plasma, Class. Quantum Grav. 34 (2017) 215006
2017
Later among the works it cites.
A. B. Congdon, C. Keeton, Principles of Gravitational Lensing: Light Deflection as a Probe of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Springer, Cham, Switzerland (2018)
2018
Later among the works it cites.
J.-P. Luminet, Seeing black holes: From the computer to the telescope, Universe 4 (2018) 86
2018
Later among the works it cites.
P.V.P. Cunha, C.A.R. Herdeiro, Shadows and strong gravitational lensing: a brief review, Gen. Rel. Grav. 50 (2018) 42
2018
Later among the works it cites.
V. Perlick, O. Y. Tsupko, G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, Black hole shadow in an expanding universe with a cosmological constant, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 104062
2018
Later among the works it cites.
S.E. Gralla, A. Lupsasca and A. Strominger, Observational signature of high spin at the Event Horizon Telescope, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 475 (2018) 3829
2018
Later among the works it cites.
R.A. Konoplya, Z. Stuchlík, A. Zhidenko, Axisymmetric black holes allowing for separation of variables in the Klein-Gordon and Hamilton-Jacobi equations, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 084044
2018
Later among the works it cites.
N. Tsukamoto, Black hole shadow in an asymptotically flat, stationary, and axisymmetric spacetime: The Kerr-Newman and rotating regular black holes, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 064021
2018
Later among the works it cites.
M. Mars, C.F. Paganini, M.A. Oancea, The fingerprints of black holes - Shadows and their degeneracies, Class. Quantum Grav. 35 (2018) 025005
2018
Later among the works it cites.
E.F. Eiroa, C.M. Sendra, Shadow cast by rotating braneworld black holes with a cosmological constant, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 91
2018
Later among the works it cites.
J. Grover, J. Kunz, P. Nedkova, A. Wittig, S. Yazadjiev, Multiple shadows from distorted static black holes, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 084024
2018
Later among the works it cites.
P.V.P. Cunha, C.A.R. Herdeiro, M.J. Rodriguez, Shadows of exact binary black holes, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 044053
2018
Later among the works it cites.
R. Shaikh, Shadows of rotating wormholes, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 024044
2018
Later among the works it cites.
G. Gyulchev, P. Nedkova, V. Tinchev, S. Yazadjiev, On the shadow of rotating traversable wormholes, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 544
2018
Later among the works it cites.
S. Schneider, V. Perlick, The shadow of a collapsing dark star, Gen. Rel. Grav. 50 (2018) 58
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Z. Stuchlík, D. Charbulák, J. Schee, Light escape cones in local reference frames of Kerr-de Sitter black hole space-times and related black hole shadows, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 180
2018
Later among the works it cites.
G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, O.Yu. Tsupko, Shadow of a black hole at cosmological distances, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 084020
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Yang Huang, Yi-Ping Dong, Dao-Jun Liu, Revisiting the shadow of a black hole in the presence of a plasma, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 27 (2018) 1850114
2018
Later among the works it cites.
X. Er, A. Rogers, Two families of astrophysical diverging lens models, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 475 (2018) 867
2018
Later among the works it cites.
G. Crisnejo, E. Gallo, Weak lensing in a plasma medium and gravitational deflection of massive particles using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. A unified treatment, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 124016
2018
Later among the works it cites.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. I. The shadow of the supermassive black hole, Astrophys. J. Lett. 875 (2019) L1
2019
Later among the works it cites.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. II. Array and instrumentation, Astrophys. J. Lett. 875 (2019) L2
2019
Later among the works it cites.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. III. Data processing and calibration, Astrophys. J. Lett. 875 (2019) L3
2019
Later among the works it cites.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. IV. Imaging the central supermassive black hole, Astrophys. J. Lett. 875 (2019) L4
2019
Later among the works it cites.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. V. Physical origin of the asymmetric ring, Astrophys. J. Lett. 875 (2019) L5
2019
Later among the works it cites.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. VI. The shadow and mass of the central black hole, Astrophys. J. Lett. 875 (2019) L6
2019
Later among the works it cites.
S.E. Gralla, D. E. Holz, R.M. Wald, Black hole shadows, photon rings, and lensing rings, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 024018
2019
Later among the works it cites.
R. Narayan, M.D. Johnson, C.F. Gammie, The shadow of a spherically accreting black hole Astrophys. J. Lett. 885 (2019) L33
2019
Later among the works it cites.
G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, O.Yu. Tsupko, V. Perlick, Shadow of black holes at local and cosmological distances, Proceedings of Science, Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII. 3-8 June 2019. Palermo, Italy. Online at https://pos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/conf.cgi?confid=362, id.9; arXiv: 1910.10514 (2019)
2019
Later among the works it cites.
https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole
2019
Later among the works it cites.
R.A. Konoplya, Shadow of a black hole surrounded by dark matter, Phys. Lett. B 795 (2019) 1
2019
Later among the works it cites.
S.O. Alexeyev, B.N. Latosh, V.A. Prokopov, E.D. Emtsova, Phenomenological extension for tidal charge black hole, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 128 (2019) 720
2019
Later among the works it cites.
T. Igata, H. Ishihara, Yu. Yasunishi, Observability of spherical photon orbits in near-extremal Kerr black holes, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 044058
2019
Later among the works it cites.
D. Psaltis, Testing general relativity with the Event Horizon Telescope, Gen. Rel. Grav. 51 (2019) 137
2019
Later among the works it cites.
S. Wei, Y. Liu, R.B. Mann, Intrinsic curvature and topology of shadows in Kerr space-time, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 041303
2019
Later among the works it cites.
K. Glampedakis and G. Pappas, Modification of photon trapping orbits as a diagnostic of non-Kerr spacetimes, Phys. Rev D 99 (2019) 124041
2019
Later among the works it cites.
S. Haroon, M. Jamil, K. Jusufi, K. Lin, R.B. Mann, Shadow and deflection angle of rotating black holes in perfect fluid dark matter with a cosmological constant, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 044015
2019
Later among the works it cites.
H. Gott, D. Ayzenberg, N. Yunes, A. Lohfink, Observing the shadows of stellar-mass black holes with binary companions, Class and Quantum Grav. 36 (2019) 055007
2019
Later among the works it cites.
D.V. Gal’tsov and K.V. Kobialko, Photon trapping in static axially symmetric space-time, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 104005
2019
Later among the works it cites.
H. Yan, Influence of a plasma on the observational signature of a high-spin Kerr black hole, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 084050
2019
Later among the works it cites.
G. Crisnejo, E. Gallo, A. Rogers, Finite distance corrections to the light deflection in a gravitational field with a plasma medium, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 124001
2019
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