Dynamical exploring the QCD matter at finite temperatures and densities-a short review

Understand

We provide a concise review on recent theory advancements towards full-fledged (3+1)D dynamical descriptions of relativistic nuclear collisions at finite baryon density.

• Heavy-ion collisions at different collision energies produce strongly-coupled matter and probe the QCD phase transition at the crossover, critical point, and first-order phase transition regions.
• Dynamical frameworks provide a quantitative tool to extract properties of hot QCD matter and map fireballs to the QCD phase diagram.
• Outstanding challenges are highlighted when confronting current theoretical frameworks with current and forthcoming experimental measurements from the RHIC beam energy scan programs.