Q-balls Formation and the Production of Gravitational Waves With Non-minimal Gravitational Coupling

Understand

We propose to introduce non-minimal couplings of Affleck-Dine (AD) field to gravity by adding the coupling of AD field to the Ricci scalar curvature.

• As the Jordan frame supergravity always predict $|\Phi|^2 {\cal R}/6$ type coupling for scalars with canonical kinetic terms, we propose a way to realize the required $c_0|\Phi|^2 {\cal R}$-type couplings with generic $c_0$ for canonical complex scalar fields after SUSY breaking.
• The impacts of such non-minimal gravitational couplings for AD field is shown, especially on the Q-balls formation and the associated gravitational wave (GW) productions.
• New form of scalar potential for AD field in the Einstein frame is obtained.