Implications of new evidence for lepton-universality violation in $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ decays

Understand

Motivated by renewed evidence for new physics in $b \to s\ell\ell$ transitions in the form of LHCb's new measurements of theoretically clean lepton-universality ratios and the purely leptonic $B_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay, we quantify the combined level of discrepancy with the Standard Model and fit values of short-distance Wilson coefficients.

• A combination of the clean observables $R_K$, $R_{K^*}$, and $B_s\to \mu\mu$ alone results in a discrepancy with the Standard Model at $4.0\sigma$, up from $3.5\sigma$ in 2017.
• One-parameter scenarios with purely left-handed or with purely axial coupling to muons fit the data well and result in a $\sim 5 \sigma$ pull from the Standard Model.
• In a two-parameter fit of %$C_9$ and $C_{10}$, new-physics contributions with both vector and axial-vector couplings to muons the allowed region is much more restricted than in 2017, principally due to the much more precise result on $B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$, which probes the axial coupling to muons.Including angular observables data restricts the allowed region further.A by-product of our analysis is an updated average of $\text{BR}(B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-) = (2.8\pm 0.3) \times 10^{-9}$.