Built on

V. Beylin, M. Y. Khlopov, V. Kuksa, and N. Volchanskiy, “Hadronic and Hadron-Like Physics of Dark Matter,” Symmetry
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Smirnov and J. F. Beacom, “TeV-Scale Thermal WIMPs: Unitarity and its Consequences,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. A. Dondi, F. Sannino, and J. Smirnov, “Thermal history of composite dark matter,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Gilman, S. Birrer, A. Nierenberg, T. Treu, X. Du, and A. Benson, “Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with eight quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses,” Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Binder, K. Mukaida, and K. Petraki, “Rapid bound-state formation of Dark Matter in the Early Universe,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Buttazzo, L. Di Luzio, P. Ghorbani, C. Gross, G. Landini, A. Strumia, D. Teresi, and J.-W. Wang, “Scalar gauge dynamics and Dark Matter,” JHEP
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. J. Baker, J. Kopp, and A. J. Long, “Filtered Dark Matter at a First Order Phase Transition,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Chway, T. H. Jung, and C. S. Shin, “Dark matter filtering-out effect during a first-order phase transition,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
H. Davoudiasl and G. Mohlabeng, “Getting a THUMP from a WIMP,” JHEP
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Schwinger, “On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization,” Phys. Rev
1951
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980
L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics, Part 1 · 1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1981
L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Physical Kinetics · 1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Svetitsky and L. G. Yaffe, “Critical behavior at finite-temperature confinement transitions,” Nuclear Physics B
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Celik, J. Engels, and H. Satz, “The Order of the Deconfinement Transition in SU(3) Yang-Mills Theory,” Phys. Lett
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Witten, “Cosmic Separation of Phases,” Phys. Rev. D
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Patel, “A Flux Tube Model of the Finite Temperature Deconfining Transition in QCD,” Nucl. Phys. B
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. H. Christ and H.-Q. Ding, “Latent heat and critical temperature of the color-deconfining phase transition,” Phys. Rev. Lett
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
I. Goldman and S. Nussinov, “Weakly interacting massive particles and neutron stars,” Phys. Rev. D
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Griest and M. Kamionkowski, “Unitarity Limits on the Mass and Radius of Dark Matter Particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Polikanov, C. S. Sastri, G. Herrmann, K. Lutzenkirchen, M. Overbeck, N. Trautmann, A. Breskin, R. Chechik, and Z. Frankel, “Search for supermassive nuclei in nature,” Z. Phys. A
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. M. Barr, “Baryogenesis, sphalerons, and the cogeneration of dark matter,” Phys. Rev. D
1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Ignatius, K. Kajantie, H. Kurki-Suonio, and M. Laine, “The growth of bubbles in cosmological phase transitions,” Phys. Rev. D
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Alexandrou, A. Boriçi, A. Feo, P. de Forcrand, A. Galli, F. Jegerlehner, and T. Takaishi, “Deconfinement phase transition in one-flavor qcd,” Phys. Rev. D
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
O. Kaczmarek, F. Karsch, E. Laermann, and M. Lutgemeier, “Heavy quark potentials in quenched QCD at high temperature,” Phys. Rev. D
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. Seto, S. Kawamura, and T. Nakamura, “Possibility of direct measurement of the acceleration of the universe using 0.1-Hz band laser interferometer gravitational wave antenna in space,” Phys. Rev. Lett
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Schutz, “Subhalo mass function and ultralight bosonic dark matter,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
F. Karsch, “Lattice results on QCD thermodynamics,” Nucl. Phys. A
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Binder, B. Blobel, J. Harz, and K. Mukaida, “Dark matter bound-state formation at higher order: a non-equilibrium quantum field theory approach,” JHEP
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
X. Wang, F. P. Huang, and X. Zhang, “Phase transition dynamics and gravitational wave spectra of strong first-order phase transition in supercooled universe,” JCAP
Original
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Landini and J.-W. Wang, “Dark Matter in scalar Sp( 𝒩 \mathcal{N} ) gauge dynamics,” JHEP
Original
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Lucini, M. Teper, and U. Wenger, “The High temperature phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories,” JHEP
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Markevitch, A. Gonzalez, D. Clowe, A. Vikhlinin, L. David, W. Forman, C. Jones, S. Murray, and W. Tucker, “Direct constraints on the dark matter self-interaction cross-section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56,” Astrophys. J
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Lucini, P. de Forcrand, and M. Vettorazzo, “Measuring interface tensions in 4d su(n) lattice gauge theories,” 2004
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Lucini, M. Teper, and U. Wenger, “Properties of the deconfining phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories,” JHEP
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Gudnason, C. Kouvaris, and F. Sannino, “Dark Matter from new Technicolor Theories,” Phys. Rev. D
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Lattice Strong Dynamics
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Y. Aoki, G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, S. Katz, and K. Szabo, “The Order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics,” Nature
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. K. et al., “The japanese space gravitational wave antenna—DECIGO,” Classical and Quantum Gravity
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Harry, P. Fritschel, D. Shaddock, W. Folkner, and E. Phinney, “Laser interferometry for the big bang observer,” Class. Quant. Grav
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Van Tilburg, “Stellar Basins of Gravitationally Bound Particles,” arXiv:2006.12431 [hep-ph]
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.

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T. Appelquist et al
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2021

Thermal Squeezeout of Dark Matter

Asadi, Pouya, Kramer, Eric David, Kuflik, Eric et al.

Understand

We carry out a detailed study of the confinement phase transition in a dark sector with a $SU(N)$ gauge group and a single generation of dark heavy quark.

We focus on heavy enough quarks such that their abundance freezes out before the phase transition and the phase transition is of first-order.
We find that during this phase transition the quarks are trapped inside contracting pockets of the deconfined phase and are compressed enough to interact at a significant rate, giving rise to a second stage of annihilation that can dramatically change the resulting dark matter abundance.
As a result, the dark matter can be heavier than the often-quoted unitarity bound of $\sim100~$TeV.

Built on

V. Beylin, M. Y. Khlopov, V. Kuksa, and N. Volchanskiy, “Hadronic and Hadron-Like Physics of Dark Matter,” Symmetry
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Smirnov and J. F. Beacom, “TeV-Scale Thermal WIMPs: Unitarity and its Consequences,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. A. Dondi, F. Sannino, and J. Smirnov, “Thermal history of composite dark matter,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Gilman, S. Birrer, A. Nierenberg, T. Treu, X. Du, and A. Benson, “Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with eight quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses,” Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Binder, K. Mukaida, and K. Petraki, “Rapid bound-state formation of Dark Matter in the Early Universe,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Buttazzo, L. Di Luzio, P. Ghorbani, C. Gross, G. Landini, A. Strumia, D. Teresi, and J.-W. Wang, “Scalar gauge dynamics and Dark Matter,” JHEP
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. J. Baker, J. Kopp, and A. J. Long, “Filtered Dark Matter at a First Order Phase Transition,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Chway, T. H. Jung, and C. S. Shin, “Dark matter filtering-out effect during a first-order phase transition,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
H. Davoudiasl and G. Mohlabeng, “Getting a THUMP from a WIMP,” JHEP
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Schwinger, “On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization,” Phys. Rev
1951
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980
L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics, Part 1 · 1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1981
L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Physical Kinetics · 1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Svetitsky and L. G. Yaffe, “Critical behavior at finite-temperature confinement transitions,” Nuclear Physics B
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Celik, J. Engels, and H. Satz, “The Order of the Deconfinement Transition in SU(3) Yang-Mills Theory,” Phys. Lett
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Witten, “Cosmic Separation of Phases,” Phys. Rev. D
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Patel, “A Flux Tube Model of the Finite Temperature Deconfining Transition in QCD,” Nucl. Phys. B
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. H. Christ and H.-Q. Ding, “Latent heat and critical temperature of the color-deconfining phase transition,” Phys. Rev. Lett
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
I. Goldman and S. Nussinov, “Weakly interacting massive particles and neutron stars,” Phys. Rev. D
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Griest and M. Kamionkowski, “Unitarity Limits on the Mass and Radius of Dark Matter Particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Polikanov, C. S. Sastri, G. Herrmann, K. Lutzenkirchen, M. Overbeck, N. Trautmann, A. Breskin, R. Chechik, and Z. Frankel, “Search for supermassive nuclei in nature,” Z. Phys. A
1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. M. Barr, “Baryogenesis, sphalerons, and the cogeneration of dark matter,” Phys. Rev. D
1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Ignatius, K. Kajantie, H. Kurki-Suonio, and M. Laine, “The growth of bubbles in cosmological phase transitions,” Phys. Rev. D
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Alexandrou, A. Boriçi, A. Feo, P. de Forcrand, A. Galli, F. Jegerlehner, and T. Takaishi, “Deconfinement phase transition in one-flavor qcd,” Phys. Rev. D
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
O. Kaczmarek, F. Karsch, E. Laermann, and M. Lutgemeier, “Heavy quark potentials in quenched QCD at high temperature,” Phys. Rev. D
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. Seto, S. Kawamura, and T. Nakamura, “Possibility of direct measurement of the acceleration of the universe using 0.1-Hz band laser interferometer gravitational wave antenna in space,” Phys. Rev. Lett
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Schutz, “Subhalo mass function and ultralight bosonic dark matter,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
F. Karsch, “Lattice results on QCD thermodynamics,” Nucl. Phys. A
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. Binder, B. Blobel, J. Harz, and K. Mukaida, “Dark matter bound-state formation at higher order: a non-equilibrium quantum field theory approach,” JHEP
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
X. Wang, F. P. Huang, and X. Zhang, “Phase transition dynamics and gravitational wave spectra of strong first-order phase transition in supercooled universe,” JCAP
Original
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Landini and J.-W. Wang, “Dark Matter in scalar Sp( 𝒩 \mathcal{N} ) gauge dynamics,” JHEP
Original
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Lucini, M. Teper, and U. Wenger, “The High temperature phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories,” JHEP
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Markevitch, A. Gonzalez, D. Clowe, A. Vikhlinin, L. David, W. Forman, C. Jones, S. Murray, and W. Tucker, “Direct constraints on the dark matter self-interaction cross-section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56,” Astrophys. J
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Lucini, P. de Forcrand, and M. Vettorazzo, “Measuring interface tensions in 4d su(n) lattice gauge theories,” 2004
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Lucini, M. Teper, and U. Wenger, “Properties of the deconfining phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories,” JHEP
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Gudnason, C. Kouvaris, and F. Sannino, “Dark Matter from new Technicolor Theories,” Phys. Rev. D
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Lattice Strong Dynamics
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Y. Aoki, G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, S. Katz, and K. Szabo, “The Order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics,” Nature
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. K. et al., “The japanese space gravitational wave antenna—DECIGO,” Classical and Quantum Gravity
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Harry, P. Fritschel, D. Shaddock, W. Folkner, and E. Phinney, “Laser interferometry for the big bang observer,” Class. Quant. Grav
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Van Tilburg, “Stellar Basins of Gravitationally Bound Particles,” arXiv:2006.12431 [hep-ph]
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.