The $\Lambda$ and the CDM as integration constants

Understand

Notoriously, the two main problems of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model of cosmology are the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and the cold dark matter, CDM.

• This essay shows that both the $\Lambda$ and the CDM arise as integration constants in a careful derivation of Einstein's equations from first principles in a Lorentz gauge theory.
• The dark sector of the universe might only reflect the geometry of a spontaneous symmetry breaking that is necessary for the existence of a spacetime and an observer therein.