Recent progresses on QCD phases in a strong magnetic field -- views from Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model

Understand

In this review, we summarize recent progress on the possible phases of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the presence of a strong magnetic field, mainly from the views of the chiral effective Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model.

• Four kinds of phase transitions are explored in detail: chiral symmetry breaking and restoration, neutral pseudoscalar superfluidity, charged pion superfluidity and charged rho superconductivity.
• In particular, we revisit the unsolved problems of inverse magnetic catalysis effect and competition between the chiral density wave and solitonic modulation phases.
• It is shown that useful results can be obtained by adopting self-consistent schemes.