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2021

Electroweak monopoles and magnetic dumbbells in grand unified theories

Lazarides, George, Shafi, Qaisar

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We use the $SU(5)$ model to show the presence in grand unified theories of an electroweak monopole and a magnetic dumbbell ("meson") made up of a monopole-antimonopole pair connected by a $Z$-magnetic flux tube.

The monopole is associated with the spontaneous breaking of the weak $SU(2)_L$ gauge symmetry by the induced vacuum expectation value of a heavy scalar $SU(2)_L$ triplet with zero weak hypercharge contained in the adjoint Higgs 24-plet.
This monopole carries a Coulomb magnetic charge of $(3/4) (2\pi/e)$ as well as $Z$-magnetic charge, where $2\pi/e$ denotes the unit Dirac magnetic charge.
Its total magnetic charge is $\sqrt{3/8}(4\pi/e)$, which is in agreement with the Dirac quantization condition.

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