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2020

Gravitational Waves from an Axion-Dark Photon System: A Lattice Study

Ratzinger, Wolfram, Schwaller, Pedro, Stefanek, Ben A.

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In this work, we present a lattice study of an axion - dark photon system in the early Universe and show that the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background produced by this system may be probed by future GW experiments across a vast range of frequencies.

The numerical simulation on the lattice allows us to take into account non-linear backreaction effects and enables us to accurately predict the final relic abundance of the axion or axion-like particle (ALP) as well as its inhomogeneities, and gives a more precise prediction of the GW spectrum.
Importantly, we find that the GW spectrum has more power at high momenta due to $2\rightarrow1$ processes.
Furthermore, we find the degree of polarization of the peak of the GW spectrum depends on the ALP-dark photon coupling and that the polarization can be washed out or even flipped for large values thereof.

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