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Hate speech is a challenging issue plaguing the online social media.
Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Text using the Bi-GRU-LSTM-CNN Model
Van Huynh, T.; Nguyen, V. D.; Van Nguyen, K.; Nguyen, N. L.-T.; and Nguyen, A. G.-T. 2019 · 1911
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The effect of an overheard ethnic slur on evaluations of the target: How to spread a social disease
Greenberg, J.; and Pyszczynski, T. 1985 · 1985
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Bidirectional recurrent neural networks
Schuster, M.; and Paliwal, K. K. 1997 · 1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
Deep Learning Models for Multilingual Hate Speech Detection
Aluru, S. S.; Mathew, B.; Saha, P.; and Mukherjee, A. 2020 · 2004
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Using “Annotator Rationales” to Improve Machine Learning for Text Categorization
Zaidan, O.; Eisner, J.; and Piatko, C. D. 2007 · 2007
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Automatically Generating Annotator Rationales to Improve Sentiment Classification
Yessenalina, A.; Choi, Y.; and Cardie, C. 2010 · 2010
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Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation
Pennington, J.; Socher, R.; and Manning, C. D. 2014 · 2014
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Cursing in English on twitter
Wang, W.; Chen, L.; Thirunarayan, K.; and Sheth, A. P. 2014 · 2014
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Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Kingma, D. P.; and Ba, J. 2015 · 2015
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Us and them: identifying cyber hate on Twitter across multiple protected characteristics
Burnap, P.; and Williams, M. L. 2016 · 2016
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EU Regulation 2016/679 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Council, E. 2016 · 2016
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Deep Learning
Goodfellow, I.; Bengio, Y.; and Courville, A. 2016 · 2016
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Rationalizing Neural Predictions
Lei, T.; Barzilay, R.; and Jaakkola, T. S. 2016 · 2016
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Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Network Models for Joint Intent Detection and Slot Filling
Liu, B.; and Lane, I. 2016 · 2016
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”Why Should I Trust You?”: Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier
Ribeiro, M. T.; Singh, S.; and Guestrin, C. 2016 · 2016
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Analyzing the Targets of Hate in Online Social Media
Silva, L. A.; Mondal, M.; Correa, D.; Benevenuto, F.; and Weber, I. 2016 · 2016
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Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter
Waseem, Z.; and Hovy, D. 2016 · 2016
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Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Language
Davidson, T.; Warmsley, D.; Macy, M. W.; and Weber, I. 2017 · 2017
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Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning
Doshi-Velez, Finale; Kim, B. 2017 · 2017
Cited alongside, same era.
Hate Me, Hate Me Not: Hate Speech Detection on Facebook
Vigna, F. D.; Cimino, A.; Dell’Orletta, F.; Petrocchi, M.; and Tesconi, M. 2017 · 2017
Cited alongside, same era.
Overview of the EVALITA 2018 Hate Speech Detection Task
Bosco, C.; Felice, D.; Poletto, F.; Sanguinetti, M.; and Maurizio, T. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
e-SNLI: Natural Language Inference with Natural Language Explanations
Camburu, O.; Rocktäschel, T.; Lukasiewicz, T.; and Blunsom, P. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Hate Speech Dataset from a White Supremacy Forum
de Gibert, O.; Perez, N.; García-Pablos, A.; and Cuadros, M. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Measuring and Mitigating Unintended Bias in Text Classification
Exposure to hate speech increases prejudice through desensitization
Soral, W.; Bilewicz, M.; and Winiewski, M. 2018 · 2018
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What is Gab: A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber
Zannettou, S.; Bradlyn, B.; Cristofaro, E. D.; Kwak, H.; Sirivianos, M.; Stringhini, G.; and Blackburn, J. 2018 · 2018
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Detecting Hate Speech on Twitter Using a Convolution-GRU Based Deep Neural Network
Zhang, Z.; Robinson, D.; and Tepper, J. A. 2018 · 2018
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Hate Speech Detection is Not as Easy as You May Think: A Closer Look at Model Validation
Arango, A.; Pérez, J.; and Poblete, B. 2019 · 2019
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SemEval-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter
Basile, V.; Bosco, C.; Fersini, E.; Nozza, D.; Patti, V.; Rangel Pardo, F. M.; Rosso, P.; and Sanguinetti, M. 2019 · 2019
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Dixon, L.; Li, J.; Sorensen, J.; Thain, N.; and Vasserman, L. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text
Fortuna, P.; and Nunes, S. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behavior
Founta, A.; Djouvas, C.; Chatzakou, D.; Leontiadis, I.; Blackburn, J.; Stringhini, G.; Vakali, A.; Sirivianos, M.; and Kourtellis, N. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
All You Need is: Evading Hate Speech Detection
Gröndahl, T.; Pajola, L.; Juuti, M.; Conti, M.; and Asokan, N. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Inside the right-leaning echo chambers: Characterizing gab, an unmoderated social system
Lima, L.; Reis, J. C.; Melo, P.; Murai, F.; Araujo, L.; Vikatos, P.; and Benevenuto, F. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
The mythos of model interpretability
Lipton, Z. C. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Author profiling for abuse detection
Mishra, P.; Del Tredici, M.; Yannakoudakis, H.; and Shutova, E. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Nuanced Metrics for Measuring Unintended Bias with Real Data for Text Classification
Borkan, D.; Dixon, L.; Sorensen, J.; Thain, N.; and Vasserman, L. 2019 · 2019
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Racial Bias in Hate Speech and Abusive Language Detection Datasets
Davidson, T.; Bhattacharya, D.; and Weber, I. 2019 · 2019
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BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J.; Chang, M.-W.; Lee, K.; and Toutanova, K. 2019 · 2019
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Multilingual and Multi-Aspect Hate Speech Analysis
Ousidhoum, N.; Lin, Z.; Zhang, H.; Song, Y.; and Yeung, D.-Y. 2019 · 2019
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A Benchmark Dataset for Learning to Intervene in Online Hate Speech
Qian, J.; Bethke, A.; Liu, Y.; Belding, E. M.; and Wang, W. Y. 2019a · 2019
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Learning to Decipher Hate Symbols
Qian, J.; ElSherief, M.; Belding, E. M.; and Wang, W. Y. 2019b · 2019
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Explain Yourself! Leveraging Language Models for Commonsense Reasoning
Rajani, N. F.; McCann, B.; Xiong, C.; and Socher, R. 2019 · 2019
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The Risk of Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detection
Sap, M.; Card, D.; Gabriel, S.; Choi, Y.; and Smith, N. A. 2019 · 2019
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ERASER: A Benchmark to Evaluate Rationalized NLP Models
DeYoung, J.; Jain, S.; Rajani, N. F.; Lehman, E.; Xiong, C.; Socher, R.; and Wallace, B. C. 2020 · 2020
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Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How Should We Define and Evaluate Faithfulness?
Jacovi, A.; and Goldberg, Y. 2020 · 2020
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Hate Begets Hate: A Temporal Study of Hate Speech
Mathew, B.; Illendula, A.; Saha, P.; Sarkar, S.; Goyal, P.; and Mukherjee, A. 2020 · 2020
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Hate in the machine: anti-Black and anti-Muslim social media posts as predictors of offline racially and religiously aggravated crime
Williams, M. L.; Burnap, P.; Javed, A.; Liu, H.; and Ozalp, S. 2020 · 2020
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