Wave-Driven Shocks in Stellar Outbursts: Dynamics, Envelope Heating, and Nascent Blastwaves

Understand

We address the shocks from acoustic pulses and wave trains in general one-dimensional flows, with an emphasis on the application to super-Eddington outbursts in massive stars.

• Using approximate adiabatic invariants, we generalize the classical equal-area technique in its integral and differential forms.
• We predict shock evolution for the case of an initially sinusoidal but finite wave train, with separate solutions for internal shocks and head or tail shocks, and demonstrate detailed agreement with numerical simulations.
• Our internal shock solution motivates improved expressions for the shock heating rate.