Gravitational Waves from Core-Collapse Supernovae

Understand

We summarize our current understanding of gravitational wave emission from core-collapse supernovae.

• We review the established results from multi-dimensional simulations and, wherever possible, provide back-of-the-envelope calculations to highlight the underlying physical principles.
• The gravitational waves are predominantly emitted by protoneutron star oscillations.
• In slowly rotating cases, which represent the most common type of the supernovae, the oscillations are excited by multi-dimensional hydrodynamic instabilities, while in rare rapidly rotating cases, the protoneutron star is born with an oblate deformation due to the centrifugal force.