Non-Standard Primordial Clocks from Dynamical Mass in Alternative to Inflation Scenarios

Understand

In the primordial universe, oscillations of heavy fields can be considered as standard clocks to measure the expansion or contraction history of the universe.

• Those standard clocks provide a model-independent way of distinguishing inflation and alternative scenarios.
• However, the mass of the heavy fields may not be a constant mass, but rather mass dynamically generated by non-minimal coupling to the Ricci scalar, or self-interactions.
• In the case of dynamically generated mass, the mass of the heavy field is generically of order Hubble, and thus is time-dependent in alternative to inflation scenarios.