Built on

S. J. Lee, W. Lerche and T. Weigand, “Tensionless Strings and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” JHEP 1810
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Palti, “The Swampland: Introduction and Review,” arXiv:1903.06239 [hep-th]
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Gonzalo and L. E. Ibáñez, “A Strong Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture and Some Implications,” JHEP 1908
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Font, A. Herráez and L. E. Ibáñez, “The Swampland Distance Conjecture and Towers of Tensionless Branes,” JHEP 1908
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Heidenreich, M. Reece and T. Rudelius, “Repulsive Forces and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” JHEP 1910
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Lust, E. Palti and C. Vafa, “AdS and the Swampland,” Phys. Lett. B 797
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Bedroya and C. Vafa, “Trans-Planckian Censorship and the Swampland,” arXiv:1909.11063 [hep-th]
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. J. Lee, W. Lerche and T. Weigand, “Emergent Strings from Infinite Distance Limits,” arXiv:1910.01135 [hep-th]
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Blumenhagen, M. Brinkmann and A. Makridou, “Quantum Log-Corrections to Swampland Conjectures,” JHEP 2002
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Freivogel, T. Gasenzer, A. Hebecker and S. Leonhardt, “A Conjecture on the Minimal Size of Bound States,” SciPost Phys. 8
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Font, A. Herráez and L. E. Ibáñez, “On scale separation in type II AdS flux vacua,” JHEP 2003
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Choi, J. S. Shim and H. S. Song, “Factorization in graviton interactions,” Phys. Rev. D 48
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Choi, J. S. Shim and H. S. Song, “Factorization of gravitational Compton scattering amplitude in the linearized version of general relativity,” Phys. Rev. D 48
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Ceresole, R. D’Auria, S. Ferrara and A. Van Proeyen, “Duality transformations in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories coupled to supergravity,” Nucl. Phys. B 444
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

G. Dall’Agata and M. Morittu, “Covariant formulation of BPS black-holes and the scalar weak gravity conjecture,” JHEP 2003
Original
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
Z. Bern, “Perturbative quantum gravity and its relation to gauge theory,” Living Rev. Rel. 5
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
D. Junghans, “O-plane Backreaction and Scale Separation in Type IIA Flux Vacua,” arXiv:2003.06274 [hep-th]
Original
2003
Cited alongside, same era.
G. Buratti, J. Calderon, A. Mininno and A. M. Uranga, “Discrete Symmetries, Weak Coupling Conjecture and Scale Separation in AdS Vacua,” arXiv:2003.09740 [hep-th]
Original
2003
Cited alongside, same era.
F. Marchesano, E. Palti, J. Quirant and A. Tomasiello, “On supersymmetric AdS 4 orientifold vacua,” arXiv:2003.13578 [hep-th]
Original

Then

L. E. Ibáñez and A. M. Uranga, “String theory and particle physics: An introduction to string phenomenology,” Cambridge University Press (2012)
2012
Later among the works it cites.
C. Cheung and G. N. Remmen, “Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113
Original
2014
Later among the works it cites.
B. Heidenreich, M. Reece and T. Rudelius, “Sharpening the Weak Gravity Conjecture with Dimensional Reduction,” JHEP 1602
Original
2016
Later among the works it cites.
B. Heidenreich, M. Reece and T. Rudelius, “Evidence for a sublattice weak gravity conjecture,” JHEP 1708
Original
2017
Later among the works it cites.
E. Palti, “The Weak Gravity Conjecture and Scalar Fields,” JHEP 1708
Original

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2020

Pair Production and Gravity as the Weakest Force

Gonzalo, Eduardo, Ibáñez, Luis E.

Understand

The Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) is usually formulated in terms of the stability of extremal black-holes or in terms of long distance Coulomb/Newton potentials.

However one can think of other physical processes to compare the relative strength of gravity versus other forces.
We argue for an alternative formulation in terms of particle pair production at threshold or, equivalently, pair annihilation at rest.
Imposing that the production rate by any force mediator (photon or scalar) of pairs of charged particles be larger or equal to graviton production, we recover known conditions for the $U(1)$ WGC and its extensions.

Built on

S. J. Lee, W. Lerche and T. Weigand, “Tensionless Strings and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” JHEP 1810
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Palti, “The Swampland: Introduction and Review,” arXiv:1903.06239 [hep-th]
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Gonzalo and L. E. Ibáñez, “A Strong Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture and Some Implications,” JHEP 1908
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Font, A. Herráez and L. E. Ibáñez, “The Swampland Distance Conjecture and Towers of Tensionless Branes,” JHEP 1908
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Heidenreich, M. Reece and T. Rudelius, “Repulsive Forces and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” JHEP 1910
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Lust, E. Palti and C. Vafa, “AdS and the Swampland,” Phys. Lett. B 797
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Bedroya and C. Vafa, “Trans-Planckian Censorship and the Swampland,” arXiv:1909.11063 [hep-th]
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. J. Lee, W. Lerche and T. Weigand, “Emergent Strings from Infinite Distance Limits,” arXiv:1910.01135 [hep-th]
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Blumenhagen, M. Brinkmann and A. Makridou, “Quantum Log-Corrections to Swampland Conjectures,” JHEP 2002
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Freivogel, T. Gasenzer, A. Hebecker and S. Leonhardt, “A Conjecture on the Minimal Size of Bound States,” SciPost Phys. 8
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Font, A. Herráez and L. E. Ibáñez, “On scale separation in type II AdS flux vacua,” JHEP 2003
Original
1912
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Choi, J. S. Shim and H. S. Song, “Factorization in graviton interactions,” Phys. Rev. D 48
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Y. Choi, J. S. Shim and H. S. Song, “Factorization of gravitational Compton scattering amplitude in the linearized version of general relativity,” Phys. Rev. D 48
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Ceresole, R. D’Auria, S. Ferrara and A. Van Proeyen, “Duality transformations in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories coupled to supergravity,” Nucl. Phys. B 444
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

G. Dall’Agata and M. Morittu, “Covariant formulation of BPS black-holes and the scalar weak gravity conjecture,” JHEP 2003
Original
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
Z. Bern, “Perturbative quantum gravity and its relation to gauge theory,” Living Rev. Rel. 5
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
D. Junghans, “O-plane Backreaction and Scale Separation in Type IIA Flux Vacua,” arXiv:2003.06274 [hep-th]
Original
2003
Cited alongside, same era.
G. Buratti, J. Calderon, A. Mininno and A. M. Uranga, “Discrete Symmetries, Weak Coupling Conjecture and Scale Separation in AdS Vacua,” arXiv:2003.09740 [hep-th]
Original
2003
Cited alongside, same era.
F. Marchesano, E. Palti, J. Quirant and A. Tomasiello, “On supersymmetric AdS 4 orientifold vacua,” arXiv:2003.13578 [hep-th]
Original

Then

L. E. Ibáñez and A. M. Uranga, “String theory and particle physics: An introduction to string phenomenology,” Cambridge University Press (2012)
2012
Later among the works it cites.
C. Cheung and G. N. Remmen, “Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113
Original
2014
Later among the works it cites.
B. Heidenreich, M. Reece and T. Rudelius, “Sharpening the Weak Gravity Conjecture with Dimensional Reduction,” JHEP 1602
Original
2016
Later among the works it cites.
B. Heidenreich, M. Reece and T. Rudelius, “Evidence for a sublattice weak gravity conjecture,” JHEP 1708
Original
2017
Later among the works it cites.
E. Palti, “The Weak Gravity Conjecture and Scalar Fields,” JHEP 1708
Original

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

Open on alphaXiv

alphaXiv is searching for related work…

2003

Cited alongside, same era.

N. Gendler and I. Valenzuela, “Merging the Weak Gravity and Distance Conjectures Using BPS Extremal black-holes,” arXiv:2004.10768 [hep-th]

Original

2004

Cited alongside, same era.

D. Andriot, N. Cribiori and D. Erkinger, “The web of swampland conjectures and the TCC bound,” arXiv:2004.00030 [hep-th]

Original

2004

Cited alongside, same era.

K. Benakli, C. Branchina and G. Lafforgue-Marmet, “Revisiting the Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture,” arXiv:2004.12476 [hep-th]

Original

2004

Cited alongside, same era.

O. DeWolfe, A. Giryavets, S. Kachru and W. Taylor, “Type IIA moduli stabilization,” JHEP 0507

2005

Cited alongside, same era.

P. G. Cámara, A. Font and L. E. Ibáñez, “Fluxes, moduli fixing and MSSM-like vacua in a simple IIA orientifold,” JHEP 0509

2005

Cited alongside, same era.

G. Aldazabal, P. G. Cámara, A. Font and L. E. Ibáñez, “More dual fluxes and moduli fixing,” JHEP 0605

2006

Cited alongside, same era.

N. Arkani-Hamed, L. Motl, A. Nicolis and C. Vafa, “The String landscape, black-holes and gravity as the weakest force,” JHEP 0706

2007

Cited alongside, same era.

2017