Strongly-interacting massive particle and dark photon in the era of intensity frontier

Understand

A strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) is an interesting candidate for dark matter (DM) because its self-interaction cross section can be naturally strong enough to address the astrophysical problem of small-scale structure formation.

• A simple model was proposed by assuming a monopole condensation, where composite SIMP comes from a "strongly interacting" U(1)$_{\rm d}$ gauge theory.
• In the original model, the DM relic abundance is determined by the $3\to2$ annihilation process via the Wess-Zumino-Witten term.
• In this letter, we discuss that the DM relic abundance is naturally determined also by a semi-annihilation process via a kinetic mixing between the hypercharge gauge boson and the dark U(1)$_{\rm d}$ gauge boson (dark photon).