The Noether Bessel Hagen Symmetry Approach for Dynamical Systems

Understand

The Noether-Bessel-Hagen theorem can be considered a natural extension of Noether Theorem to search for symmetries.

• Here, we develop the approach for dynamical systems introducing the basic foundations of the method.
• Specifically, we establish the Noether-Bessel-Hagen analysis of mechanical systems where external forces are present.
• In the second part of the paper, the approach is adopted to select symmetries for a given systems.