Holographic boiling and generalized thermodynamic description beyond local equilibrium

Understand

Tuning a very simple two-component holographic superfluid model, we can have a first order phase transition between two superfluid phases in the probe limit.

• Inspired by the potential landscape discussion, an intuitive physical picture for systems with first order phase transitions is provided.
• We stress that holography perfectly offers a generalized thermodynamic description of certain strongly coupled systems even out of local equilibrium, which enables us to carefully study domain wall structures of the system under first order phase transitions, either static or in real time dynamics.
• We numerically construct the 1D domain wall configuration and compute the surface tension of the domain wall from its generalized grand potential.