Multi-scale simulations of particle acceleration in astrophysical systems

Understand

This review aims at providing an up-to-date status and a general introduction to the subject of the numerical study of energetic particle acceleration and transport in turbulent astrophysical flows.

• The subject is also complemented by a short overview of recent progresses obtained in the domain of laser plasma experiments.
• We review the main physical processes at the heart of the production of a non-thermal distribution in both Newtonian and relativistic astrophysical flows, namely the first and second order Fermi acceleration processes.
• We also discuss shock drift and surfing acceleration, two processes important in the context of particle injection in shock acceleration.