Nature of the phase transition for finite temperature $N_{\rm f}=3$ QCD with nonperturbatively O($a$) improved Wilson fermions at $N_{\rm t}=12$

Understand

We study the nature of the finite temperature phase transition for three-flavor QCD.

• In particular we investigate the location of the critical endpoint along the three flavor symmetric line in the light quark mass region of the Columbia plot.
• In the study, the Iwasaki gauge action and the nonperturvatively O($a$) improved Wilson-Clover fermion action are employed.
• We newly generate data at $N_{\rm t}=12$ and set an upper bound of the critical pseudoscalar meson mass in the continuum limit $m_{\rm PS,E}\lesssim 110$MeV.