Probing the cosmic opacity from Future Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens

Understand

In this work, using the Gaussian Process, we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave (GW) measurement to probe cosmic opacity through comparing its opacity-free luminosity distance (LD) with the opacity-dependent one from type Ia supernovae (SNIa).

• GW data points are simulated from the third generation Einstein Telescope, and SNIa data are taken from the Joint Light Analysis (JLA) or Pantheon compilation.
• The advantages of using Gaussian Process are that one may match SNIa data with GW data at the same redshift and use all available data to probe cosmic opacity.
• We obtain that the error bar of the constraint on cosmic opacity can be reduced to $\sigma_{\epsilon}\sim 0.011$ and $0.006$ at $1\sigma$ confidence level (CL) for JLA and Pantheon respectively in a cosmological-independent way.