Gravitational Waves from Supernova Mass Loss and Natal Kicks in Close Binaries

Understand

Some fraction of compact binaries that merge within a Hubble time may have formed from two massive stars in isolation.

• For this isolated-binary formation channel, binaries need to survive two supernova (SN) explosions in addition to surviving common-envelope evolution.
• For the SN explosions, both the mass loss and natal kicks change the orbital characteristics, producing either a bound or unbound binary.
• We show that gravitational waves (GWs) may be produced not only from the core-collapse SN process, but also from the SN mass loss and SN natal kick during the pre-SN to post-SN binary transition.