Compounding meta-atoms into meta-molecules with hybrid artificial intelligence techniques

Understand

Molecules composed of atoms exhibit properties not inherent to their constituent atoms.

• Similarly, meta-molecules consisting of multiple meta-atoms possess emerging features that the meta-atoms themselves do not possess.
• Metasurfaces composed of meta-molecules with spatially variant building blocks, such as gradient metasurfaces, are drawing substantial attention due to their unconventional controllability of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of light.
• However, the intricate mechanisms and the large degrees of freedom of the multi-element systems impede an effective strategy for the design and optimization of meta-molecules.