Shadow cast of non-commutative black holes in Rastall gravity

Understand

We study the shadow and energy emission rate of a spherically symmetric non-commutative black hole in Rastall gravity.

• Depending on the model parameters, the non-commutative black hole can reduce to the Schwarzschild black hole.
• Since the non-vanishing non-commutative parameter affects the formation of event horizon, the visibility of the resulting shadow depends on the non-commutative parameter in Rastall gravity.
• The obtained sectional shadows respect the unstable circular orbit condition, which is crucial for physical validity of the black hole image model.