Frequency variation for in vacuo photon propagation in the Standard-Model Extension

Understand

In the presence of Lorentz Symmetry Violation (LSV) associated with the Standard-Model Extension (SME), we have recently shown the non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor of a light-wave crossing an Electro-Magnetic (EM) background field even when the latter and the LSV are constant.

• Incidentally, for a space-time dependent LSV, the presence of an EM field is not necessary.
• Herein, we infer that in a particle description, the energy non-conservation for a photon implies violation of frequency invariance in vacuo giving rise to a red or blue shift.
• We discuss the potential consequences on cosmology.