The Electrodynamics of Free and Bound Charge Electricity Generators using Impressed Sources and the Modification to Maxwell's Equations

Understand

The conversion of external energy into electricity is the foundation of power station and energy harvesting operation.

• The external source supplies an impressed force per unit charge to free or bound charge to produces AC electricity.
• We analyze the electrodynamics of ideal electricity generators through a time dependent permanent polarization without any applied electric field, which modifies the constitutive relations and is essential to oscillate charge in a lossless way.
• For both cases, we show that Maxwell's equations, and in particular Faraday's law are modified, along with the required boundary conditions through the addition of an effective impressed magnetic current boundary source.