Transport approaches for the Description of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions

Understand

The transport approach is a useful tool to study dynamics of non-equilibrium systems.

• For heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies, where both the smooth nucleon potential and the hard-core nucleon-nucleon collision are important, the dynamics are properly described by two families of transport models, i.e., the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck approach and the quantum molecular dynamics approach.
• These transport models have been extensively used to extract valuable information of the nuclear equation of state, the nuclear symmetry energy, and microscopic nuclear interactions from intermediate-energy heavy-ion collision experiments.
• On the other hand, there do exist deviations on the predications and conclusions from different transport models.