Applying Complex Langevin Simulations to Lattice QCD at Finite Density

Understand

We study the use of the complex-Langevin equation (CLE) to simulate lattice QCD at a finite chemical potential ($\mu$) for quark-number, which has a complex fermion determinant that prevents the use of standard simulation methods based on importance sampling.

• Recent enhancements to the CLE specific to lattice QCD inhibit runaway solutions which had foiled earlier attempts to use it for such simulations.
• However, it is not guaranteed to produce correct results.
• Our goal is to determine under what conditions the CLE yields correct values for the observables of interest.