New very local interstellar spectra for electrons, positrons, protons and light cosmic ray nuclei

Understand

The local interstellar spectra (LIS's) for galactic cosmic rays (CR's) cannot be directly observed at the Earth below certain energies, because of solar modulation in the heliosphere.

• With Voyager 1 crossing the heliopause in 2012, in situ experimental LIS data below 100 MeV/nuc can now constrain computed galactic CR spectra.
• Using galactic propagation models, galactic electron, proton and light nuclei spectra can be computed, now more reliably as very LIS's.
• Using the Voyager 1 observations made beyond the heliopause, and the observations made by the PAMELA experiment in Earth orbit for the 2009 solar minimum, as experimental constraints, we simultaneously reproduced the CR electron, proton, Helium and Carbon observations by implementing the GALPROP code.