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2018

Entanglement and thermalization

Berges, Jürgen, Floerchinger, Stefan, Venugopalan, Raju

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In a quantum field theory, apparent thermalization can be a consequence of entanglement as opposed to scatterings.

We discuss here how this can help to explain open puzzles such as the success of thermal models in electron-positron collisions.
It turns out that an expanding relativistic string described by the Schwinger model (which also underlies the Lund model) has at early times an entanglement entropy that is extensive in rapidity.
At these early times, the reduced density operator is of thermal form, with an entanglement temperature $T_\tau=\hbar/(2\pi k_B\tau)$, even in the absence of any scatterings.

Entanglement and thermalization · Around

Built on

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S. R. Coleman, R. Jackiw and L. Susskind, “Charge Shielding and Quark Confinement in the Massive Schwinger Model,” Annals Phys. 93
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B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, G. Ingelman and T. Sjostrand, “Parton Fragmentation and String Dynamics,” Phys. Rept. 97
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Similar

M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, “Quantum Computation and Quantum Information”, Cambridge University Press (2000)
2000
Cited alongside, same era.
F. Becattini, P. Castorina, J. Manninen and H. Satz, “The Thermal Production of Strange and Non-Strange Hadrons in e+ e- Collisions,” Eur. Phys. J. C 56
Original
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
N. Fischer and T. Sjöstrand, “Thermodynamical String Fragmentation,” JHEP 1701
Original
2017
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

M. M. Wilde, “Quantum Information Theory”, second edition, Cambridge University Press (2017)
2017
Later among the works it cites.
J. Berges, S. Floerchinger and R. Venugopalan, “Thermal excitation spectrum from entanglement in an expanding quantum string,” Phys. Lett. B 778
Original
2018
Closest in time.
J. Berges, S. Floerchinger and R. Venugopalan, “Dynamics of entanglement in expanding quantum fields,” JHEP 1804
Original
2018
Closest in time.

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