Chiral imbalanced hot and dense quark matter: NJL analysis at the physical point and comparison with lattice QCD

Understand

Hot and dense quark matter with isospin and chiral imbalances is investigated in the framework of the (3+1)-dimensional Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model (NJL) in the large-$N_c$ limit ($N_c$ is the number of quark colors).

• Its phase structure is considered in terms of baryon -- $\mu_B$, isospin -- $\mu_I$ and chiral isospin -- $\mu_{I5}$ chemical potentials.
• It is shown in the paper that (i) in the chiral limit there is a duality between chiral symmetry breaking (CSB) and charged pion condensation (PC) phenomena.
• (ii) At the physical point, i.e.