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Recent work shows unequal performance of commercial face classification services in the gender classification task across intersectional groups defined by skin type and gender.
The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
T. B. Fitzpatrick · 1988
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What gives a face its gender?
E. Brown and D. I. Perrett · 1993
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What’s the difference between men and women? Evidence from facial measurement
A. M. Burton, V. Bruce, and N. Dench · 1993
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Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features
P. Viola and M. Jones · 2001
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Face detection in color images
R.-L. Hsu, M. Abdel-Mottaleb, and A. K. Jain · 2002
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The CMU pose, illumination, and expression (PIE) database
T. Sim, S. Baker, and M. Bsat · 2002
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Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net
H. Zou and T. Hastie · 2005
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Labeled faces in the wild: A database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments
G. B. Huang, M. Mattar, T. Berg, and E. Learned-Miller · 2008
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Skin detection using hsv color space
V. Oliveira and A. Conci · 2009
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Identity economics
G. A. Akerlof and R. Kranton · 2010
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Effects of the facial and racial features on gender classification
Ö. Özbudak, M. Kırcı, Y. Çakır, and E. O. Güneş · 2010
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Facial anthropometric differences among gender, ethnicity, and age groups
Z. Zhuang, D. Landsittel, S. Benson, R. Roberge, and R. Shaffer · 2010
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Sinkhorn distances: Lightspeed computation of optimal transport
M. Cuturi · 2013
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Deep inside convolutional networks: Visualising image classification models and saliency maps
K. Simonyan, A. Vedaldi, and A. Zisserman · 2013
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Age and gender estimation of unfiltered faces
E. Eidinger, R. Enbar, and T. Hassner · 2014
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A mathematical model for reducing the likely spectrum of human skin tones in the RGB color space
R. D. Feitosa, L. L. de Oliveira, D. L. Borges, and M. Marcio Filho · 2014
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Regularized discrete optimal transport
S. Ferradans, N. Papadakis, G. Peyré, and J.-F. Aujol · 2014
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Learning race from face: A survey
S. Fu, H. He, and Z.-G. Hou · 2014
Invertible conditional GANs for image editing
G. Perarnau, J. van de Weijer, B. Raducanu, and J. M. Álvarez · 2016
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Gender shades: Intersectional phenotypic and demographic evaluation of face datasets and gender classifiers
J. A. Buolamwini · 2017
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Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks
G. Montavon, W. Samek, and K.-R. Müller · 2017
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Grad-CAM: Visual explanations from deep networks via gradient-based localization
R. R. Selvaraju, M. Cogswell, A. Das, R. Vedantam, D. Parikh, and D. Batra · 2017
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Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification
J. Buolamwini and T. Gebru · 2018
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VGGFace2: A dataset for recognizing faces across pose and age
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On pixel-wise explanations for non-linear classifier decisions by layer-wise relevance propagation
S. Bach, A. Binder, G. Montavon, F. Klauschen, K.-R. Müller, and W. Samek · 2015
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Pushing the frontiers of unconstrained face detection and recognition: IARPA Janus benchmark A
B. F. Klare, B. Klein, E. Taborsky, A. Blanton, J. Cheney, K. Allen, P. Grother, A. Mah, and A. K. Jain · 2015
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Deep learning face attributes in the wild
Z. Liu, P. Luo, X. Wang, and X. Tang · 2015
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Face recognition vendor test (FRVT) performance of automated gender classification algorithms
M. Ngan, M. Ngan, and P. Grother · 2015
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A hybrid color space for skin detection using genetic algorithm heuristic search and principal component analysis technique
M. M. Oghaz, M. A. Maarof, A. Zainal, M. F. Rohani, and S. H. Yaghoubyan · 2015
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Rationalizing neural predictions
T. Lei, R. Barzilay, and T. Jaakkola · 2016
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Q. Cao, L. Shen, W. Xie, O. M. Parkhi, and A. Zisserman · 2018
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StarGAN: Unified generative adversarial networks for multi-domain image-to-image translation
Y. Choi, M. Choi, M. Kim, J.-W. Ha, S. Kim, and J. Choo · 2018
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Explanations based on the missing: Towards contrastive explanations with pertinent negatives
A. Dhurandhar, P.-Y. Chen, R. Luss, C.-C. Tu, P. Ting, K. Shanmugam, and P. Das · 2018
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Glow: Generative flow with invertible 1x1 convolutions
D. P. Kingma and P. Dhariwal · 2018
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Color space construction by optimizing luminance and chrominance components for face recognition
Z. Lu, X. Jiang, and A. Kot · 2018
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Deep expectation of real and apparent age from a single image without facial landmarks
R. Rothe, R. Timofte, and L. Van Gool · 2018
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InclusiveFaceNet: Improving face attribute detection with race and gender diversity
H. J. Ryu, H. Adam, and M. Mitchell · 2018
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