Science with an ngVLA: [CII] 158$\mu$m Emission from $z \ge 10$ Galaxies

Understand

We consider the capabilities of ALMA and the ngVLA to detect and image the[CII] 158\,$\mu$m line from galaxies into the cosmic `dark ages' ($z \sim 10$ to 20).

• The [CII] line may prove to be a powerful tool in determining spectroscopic redshifts, and galaxy dynamics, for the first galaxies.
• In 40\,hr, ALMA has the sensitivity to detect the integrated [CII] line emission from a moderate metallicity, active star-forming galaxy [$Z_A = 0.2\,Z_{\odot}$; star formation rate (SFR)= 5\,$M_\odot$\,yr$^{-1}$], at $z = 10$ at a significance of 6$\sigma$.
• The ngVLA will detect the integrated [CII] line emission from a Milky-Way like star formation rate galaxy ($Z_{A} = 0.2\,Z_{\odot}$, SFR = 1\,$M_\odot$\,yr$^{-1}$), at $z = 15$ at a significance of 6$\sigma$.