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To bridge the gap between the capabilities of the state-of-the-art in factoid question answering (QA) and what users ask, we need large datasets of real user questions that capture the various question phenomena users are interested in, and the diverse ways in which these questions are formulated.
Building a question answering test collection
Ellen M. Voorhees and Dawn M. Tice. 2000 · 2000
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The role of lexico-semantic feedback in open-domain textual question-answering
Sanda M. Harabagiu, Dan I. Moldovan, Marius Pasca, Rada Mihalcea, Mihai Surdeanu, Razvan C. Bunescu, Roxana Girju, Vasile Rus, and Paul Morarescu. 2001 · 2001
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Learning surface text patterns for a question answering system
Deepak Ravichandran and Eduard H. Hovy. 2002 · 2002
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Open-domain textual question answering techniques
Sanda M. Harabagiu, Steven J. Maiorano, and Marius Pasca. 2003 · 2003
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Question answering pilot task at CLEF 2004
Jesús Herrera, Anselmo Peñas, and Felisa Verdejo. 2004 · 2004
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Overview of the CLEF 2004 multilingual question answering track
Bernardo Magnini, Alessandro Vallin, Christelle Ayache, Gregor Erbach, Anselmo Peñas, Maarten de Rijke, Paulo Rocha, Kiril Ivanov Simov, and Richard F. E. Sutcliffe. 2004 · 2004
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Question answering using constraint satisfaction: Qa-by-dossier-with-contraints
John M. Prager, Jennifer Chu-Carroll, and Krzysztof Czuba. 2004 · 2004
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Splitting complex temporal questions for question answering systems
Estela Saquete, Patricio Martínez-Barco, Rafael Muñoz, and José Luis Vicedo González. 2004 · 2004
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Question answering passage retrieval using dependency relations
Hang Cui, Renxu Sun, Keya Li, Min-Yen Kan, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2005 · 2005
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Incorporating non-local information into information extraction systems by gibbs sampling
Jenny Rose Finkel, Trond Grenager, and Christopher D. Manning. 2005 · 2005
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Answering complex questions with random walk models
Sanda M. Harabagiu, V. Finley Lacatusu, and Andrew Hickl. 2006 · 2006
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Enhancing QA systems with complex temporal question processing capabilities
Estela Saquete, José Luis Vicedo González, Patricio Martínez-Barco, Rafael Muñoz, and Hector Llorens. 2009 · 2009
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Sutime: A library for recognizing and normalizing time expressions
Angel X. Chang and Christopher D. Manning. 2012 · 2012
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This is watson
David A. Ferrucci. 2012 · 2012
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Template-based question answering over RDF data
Christina Unger, Lorenz Bühmann, Jens Lehmann, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, Daniel Gerber, and Philipp Cimiano. 2012 · 2012
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Semantic parsing on Freebase from question-answer pairs
Jonathan Berant, Andrew Chou, Roy Frostig, and Percy Liang. 2013 · 2013
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Large-scale semantic parsing via schema matching and lexicon extension
Qingqing Cai and Alexander Yates. 2013 · 2013
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Paraphrase-driven learning for open question answering
Anthony Fader, Luke S. Zettlemoyer, and Oren Etzioni. 2013 · 2013
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Robust question answering over the web of linked data
Mohamed Yahya, Klaus Berberich, Shady Elbassuoni, and Gerhard Weikum. 2013 · 2013
Cited alongside, same era.
Semantic parsing via paraphrasing
Jonathan Berant and Percy Liang. 2014 · 2014
Cited alongside, same era.
Open question answering over curated and extracted knowledge bases
Anthony Fader, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Oren Etzioni. 2014 · 2014
Cited alongside, same era.
Knowledge graph and corpus driven segmentation and answer inference for telegraphic entity-seeking queries
Mandar Joshi, Uma Sawant, and Soumen Chakrabarti. 2014 · 2014
Cited alongside, same era.
Large-scale semantic parsing without question-answer pairs
Siva Reddy, Mirella Lapata, and Mark Steedman. 2014 · 2014
Question answering on Freebase via relation extraction and textual evidence
Kun Xu, Siva Reddy, Yansong Feng, Songfang Huang, and Dongyan Zhao. 2016 · 2016
Later among the works it cites.
Automated template generation for question answering over knowledge graphs
Abdalghani Abujabal, Mohamed Yahya, Mirek Riedewald, and Gerhard Weikum. 2017 · 2017
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TREC CAR: A data set for complex answer retrieval. version 1.4.(2017)
Laura Dietz and Ben Gamari. 2017 · 2017
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Learning to paraphrase for question answering
Li Dong, Jonathan Mallinson, Siva Reddy, and Mirella Lapata. 2017 · 2017
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The narrativeqa reading comprehension challenge
Tomás Kociský, Jonathan Schwarz, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Karl Moritz Hermann, Gábor Melis, and Edward Grefenstette. 2017 · 2017
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Cited alongside, same era.
Joint relational embeddings for knowledge-based question answering
Min-Chul Yang, Nan Duan, Ming Zhou, and Hae-Chang Rim. 2014 · 2014
Cited alongside, same era.
Information Extraction over Structured Data: Question Answering with Freebase
Xuchen Yao and Benjamin Van Durme. 2014 · 2014
Cited alongside, same era.
More accurate question answering on freebase
Hannah Bast and Elmar Haussmann. 2015 · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
Imitation learning of agenda-based semantic parsers
Jonathan Berant and Percy Liang. 2015 · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
Large-scale simple question answering with memory networks
Antoine Bordes, Nicolas Usunier, Sumit Chopra, and Jason Weston. 2015 · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
A long short-term memory model for answer sentence selection in question answering
Di Wang and Eric Nyberg. 2015 · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
RACE: large-scale reading comprehension dataset from examinations
Guokun Lai, Qizhe Xie, Hanxiao Liu, Yiming Yang, and Eduard H. Hovy. 2017 · 2017
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Newsqa: A machine comprehension dataset
Adam Trischler, Tong Wang, Xingdi Yuan, Justin Harris, Alessandro Sordoni, Philip Bachman, and Kaheer Suleman. 2017 · 2017
Later among the works it cites.
Lc-quad: A corpus for complex question answering over knowledge graphs
Priyansh Trivedi, Gaurav Maheshwari, Mohnish Dubey, and Jens Lehmann. 2017 · 2017
Later among the works it cites.
7th Open Challenge on Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD-7)
Ricardo Usbeck, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, Bastian Haarmann, Anastasia Krithara, Michael Röder, and Giulio Napolitano. 2017 · 2017
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Efficiency-aware answering of compositional questions using answer type prediction
David Ziegler, Abdalghani Abujabal, Rishiraj Saha Roy, and Gerhard Weikum. 2017 · 2017
Later among the works it cites.
Never-ending learning for open-domain question answering over knowledge bases
Abdalghani Abujabal, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Mohamed Yahya, and Gerhard Weikum. 2018 · 2018
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Strong baselines for simple question answering over knowledge graphs with and without neural networks
Salman Mohammed, Peng Shi, and Jimmy Lin. 2018 · 2018
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Know what you don’t know: Unanswerable questions for squad
Pranav Rajpurkar, Robin Jia, and Percy Liang. 2018 · 2018
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Open domain question answering using early fusion of knowledge bases and text
Haitian Sun, Bhuwan Dhingra, Manzil Zaheer, Kathryn Mazaitis, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and William W Cohen. 2018 · 2018
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The web as a knowledge-base for answering complex questions
Alon Talmor and Jonathan Berant. 2018 · 2018
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Wikiqa: A challenge dataset for open-domain question answering
Yi Yang, Wen-tau Yih, and Christopher Meek. 2015 · 2018
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