Computational Complexity of Vacua and Near-Vacua in Field and String Theory

Understand

We demonstrate that the problems of finding stable or metastable vacua in a low energy effective field theory requires solving nested NP-hard and co-NP-hard problems, while the problem of finding near-vacua is in P.

• Multiple problems relevant for computing effective potential contributions from string theory are shown to be instances of NP-hard problems.
• If P $\neq$ NP, the hardness of finding string vacua is exponential in the number of scalar fields.
• Cosmological implications, including for rolling solutions, are discussed in light of a recently proposed measure.