Extremal and Near-Extremal Black Holes and Near-$CFT_1$

Understand

We study the behaviour of extremal and near-extremal black holes at low energies and low temperatures and find that it can be understood from the near-horizon $AdS_2$ region.

• Our analysis includes charged matter and also goes beyond the $S$-wave approximation.
• We find that the leading behaviour at low energies arises from a mode linked to time reparametrisations and from phase modes arising from gauge fields.
• At somewhat higher energies, additional modes arising from higher partial waves can also be cumulatively significant.