Linking little rip cosmologies with regular early universes

Understand

Cosmological fluids with a Generalized Equation of State (GEoS) are here considered, whose corresponding EoS parameter $\omega$ describes a fluid with phantom behavior, namely $\omega<-1$, but leading to universes free of singularities at any past or future, finite time.

• Thus avoiding, in particular, the Big Bang and the Big Rip singularities, the last one considered to be typical in phantom fluid models.
• More specifically, such GEoS fluid cosmologies lead to regular Little Rip universes.
• A remarkable new property of these solutions is proven here, namely that they avoid the initial singularity at early times; therefore, they are able to describe emergent universes.