Robust and efficient control of spin probes in a complex (biological) environment. Towards sensing of fast temperature fluctuations

Understand

We present an optimized scheme for nanoscale measurements of temperature in a complex environment using the nitrogen-vacancy center in nanodiamonds.

• To this end we combine a Ramsey measurement utilized to temperature determination with advanced optimal control theory.
• We test our new design on single nitrogen-vacancy centers in bulk diamond and fixed nanodiamonds, achieving better readout signal than with common soft or hard microwave control pulses.
• We demonstrate temperature readout using rotating nanodiamonds in an agarose matrix.