Bending Waves in the Milky Way's disc from halo substructure

Understand

We use $N$-body simulations to investigate the excitation of bending waves in a Milky Way-like disc-bulge-halo system.

• The dark matter halo consists of a smooth component and a population of subhaloes while the disc is composed of thin and thick components.
• Also considered is a control simulation where all of the halo mass is smoothly distributed.
• We find that bending waves are more vigorously excited in the thin disc than the thick one and that they are strongest in the outer regions of the disc, especially at late times.