The Super Earth-Cold Jupiter Relations

Understand

We report relations between inner ($<1$ au) super Earths (planets with mass/radius between Earth and Neptune) and outer ($>1$ au) giant planets (mass $>0.3~M_{\rm J}$, or cold Jupiters) around Sun-like stars, based on data from both ground-based radial velocity (RV) observations and the Kepler mission.

• We find that cold Jupiters appear three times more often around hosts of super Earths than they do around field stars.
• Given the prevalence of the super Earth systems, their cold Jupiters can account for nearly all cold Jupiters.
• In other words, cold Jupiters are almost certainly ($\sim90\%$) companied by super Earths.