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We present a brief overview of attempts to construct de Sitter vacua in string theory and explain how the results of this 20-year endeavor could point to the fact that string theory harbors no de Sitter vacua at all.
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A. Maloney, E. Silverstein, and A. Strominger, “De Sitter space in noncritical string theory,” in · 2002
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S. B. Giddings, S. Kachru, and J. Polchinski, “Hierarchies from fluxes in string compactifications,”
2002
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S. Kachru, J. Pearson, and H. L. Verlinde, “Brane / flux annihilation and the string dual of a nonsupersymmetric field theory,”
2002
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V. Balasubramanian, J. de Boer, and D. Minic, “Mass, entropy and holography in asymptotically de Sitter spaces,”
2002
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S. Kachru, R. Kallosh, A. D. Linde, and S. P. Trivedi, “De Sitter vacua in string theory,”
2003
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C. P. Burgess, R. Kallosh, and F. Quevedo, “De Sitter string vacua from supersymmetric D terms,”
2003
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S. Kachru, M. B. Schulz, P. K. Tripathy, and S. P. Trivedi, “New supersymmetric string compactifications,”
2003
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J. M. Maldacena, “Non-Gaussian features of primordial fluctuations in single field inflationary models,”
2003
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N. Goheer, M. Kleban, and L. Susskind, “The Trouble with de Sitter space,”
2003
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V. Balasubramanian and P. Berglund, “Stringy corrections to Kahler potentials, SUSY breaking, and the cosmological constant problem,”
2004
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hep-th/0405068
E. Silverstein, “TASI / PiTP / ISS lectures on moduli and microphysics,” in · 2004
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A. Saltman and E. Silverstein, “The Scaling of the no scale potential and de Sitter model building,”
2004
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S. Gukov, S. Kachru, X. Liu, and L. McAllister, “Heterotic moduli stabilization with fractional Chern-Simons invariants,”
2004
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R. Kallosh and A. D. Linde, “Landscape, the scale of SUSY breaking, and inflation,”
2004
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J. Shelton, W. Taylor, and B. Wecht, “Nongeometric flux compactifications,”
2005
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V. Balasubramanian, P. Berglund, J. P. Conlon, and F. Quevedo, “Systematics of moduli stabilisation in Calabi-Yau flux compactifications,”
2005
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K. Choi, A. Falkowski, H. P. Nilles, and M. Olechowski, “Soft supersymmetry breaking in KKLT flux compactification,”
2005
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G. Villadoro and F. Zwirner, “De-Sitter vacua via consistent D-terms,”
2005
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M. Davidse, F. Saueressig, U. Theis, and S. Vandoren, “Membrane instantons and de Sitter vacua,”
2005
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J.-P. Derendinger, C. Kounnas, P. M. Petropoulos, and F. Zwirner, “Superpotentials in IIA compactifications with general fluxes,”
2005
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O. DeWolfe, A. Giryavets, S. Kachru, and W. Taylor, “Type IIA moduli stabilization,”
2005
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F. Denef and M. R. Douglas, “Distributions of nonsupersymmetric flux vacua,”
2005
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L. Martucci, J. Rosseel, D. Van den Bleeken, and A. Van Proeyen, “Dirac actions for D-branes on backgrounds with fluxes,”
2005
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U. H. Danielsson, “Transplanckian energy production and slow roll inflation,”
2005
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M. Grana, “Flux compactifications in string theory: A Comprehensive review,”
2006
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O. Lebedev, H. P. Nilles, and M. Ratz, “De Sitter vacua from matter superpotentials,”
2006
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S. L. Parameswaran and A. Westphal, “de Sitter string vacua from perturbative Kahler corrections and consistent D-terms,”
2006
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A. Achucarro, B. de Carlos, J. A. Casas, and L. Doplicher, “De Sitter vacua from uplifting D-terms in effective supergravities from realistic strings,”
2006
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F. Saueressig, U. Theis, and S. Vandoren, “On de Sitter vacua in type IIA orientifold compactifications,”
2006
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M. R. Douglas and S. Kachru, “Flux compactification,”
2007
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F. Denef, M. R. Douglas, and S. Kachru, “Physics of String Flux Compactifications,”
2007
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M. P. Hertzberg, S. Kachru, W. Taylor, and M. Tegmark, “Inflationary Constraints on Type IIA String Theory,”
2007
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A. Westphal, “de Sitter string vacua from Kahler uplifting,”
2007
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S. L. Parameswaran and A. Westphal, “Consistent de Sitter string vacua from Kahler stabilization and D-term uplifting,”
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
M. Grana, R. Minasian, M. Petrini, and A. Tomasiello, “A Scan for new N=1 vacua on twisted tori,”
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
B. S. Acharya, F. Benini, and R. Valandro, “Fixing moduli in exact type IIA flux vacua,”
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
R. Kallosh and M. Soroush, “Issues in type IIA uplifting,”
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
P. Koerber and L. Martucci, “From ten to four and back again: How to generalize the geometry,”
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
N. Arkani-Hamed, L. Motl, A. Nicolis, and C. Vafa, “The String landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force,”
M. Cicoli, S. de Alwis, and A. Westphal, “Heterotic Moduli Stabilisation,”
2013
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Y. Sumitomo, S. H. H. Tye, and S. S. C. Wong, “Statistical Distribution of the Vacuum Energy Density in Racetrack Kähler Uplift Models in String Theory,”
2013
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C. Condeescu, I. Florakis, C. Kounnas, and D. Lüst, “Gauged supergravities and non-geometric Q/R-fluxes from asymmetric orbifold CFT‘s,”
2013
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I. Bena, A. Buchel, and O. J. Dias, “Horizons cannot save the Landscape,”
2013
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J. Blaback, U. H. Danielsson, and T. Van Riet, “Resolving anti-brane singularities through time-dependence,”
2013
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2007
Cited alongside, same era.
H. Ooguri and C. Vafa, “On the Geometry of the String Landscape and the Swampland,”
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
F. Denef, “Les Houches Lectures on Constructing String Vacua,”
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
H. Samtleben, “Lectures on Gauged Supergravity and Flux Compactifications,”
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
E. Silverstein, “Simple de Sitter Solutions,”
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
L. Covi, M. Gomez-Reino, C. Gross, J. Louis, G. A. Palma, and C. A. Scrucca, “de Sitter vacua in no-scale supergravities and Calabi-Yau string models,”
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
E. Palti, G. Tasinato, and J. Ward, “WEAKLY-coupled IIA Flux Compactifications,”
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
F. F. Gautason, D. Junghans, and M. Zagermann, “Cosmological Constant, Near Brane Behavior and Singularities,”
2013
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M. Petrini, G. Solard, and T. Van Riet, “AdS vacua with scale separation from IIB supergravity,”
2013
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E. Sezgin and P. Sundell, “Supersymmetric Higher Spin Theories,”
2013
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M. Dodelson, X. Dong, E. Silverstein, and G. Torroba, “New solutions with accelerated expansion in string theory,”
2014
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K. Dasgupta, R. Gwyn, E. McDonough, M. Mia, and R. Tatar, “de Sitter Vacua in Type IIB String Theory: Classical Solutions and Quantum Corrections,”
2014
Later among the works it cites.
M. Cicoli, D. Klevers, S. Krippendorf, C. Mayrhofer, F. Quevedo, and R. Valandro, “Explicit de Sitter Flux Vacua for Global String Models with Chiral Matter,”
2014
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I. Bena, M. Grana, S. Kuperstein, and S. Massai, “Tachyonic Anti-M2 Branes,”
2014
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A. N. Schellekens, “The String Theory Landscape,”
2015
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1512.02477
J. Polchinski, “String theory to the rescue,” 2015 · 2015
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Cambridge University Press, 2015
D. Baumann and L. McAllister, · 2015
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B. Greene and G. Shiu, “Dark Energy in String Theory,”
2015
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D. Kutasov, T. Maxfield, I. Melnikov, and S. Sethi, “Constraining de Sitter Space in String Theory,”
2015
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C. Quigley, “Gaugino Condensation and the Cosmological Constant,”
2015
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R. Blumenhagen, F. Hassler, and D. Lust, “Double Field Theory on Group Manifolds,”
2015
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U. Danielsson, G. Dibitetto, and A. Guarino, “KK-monopoles and G-structures in M-theory/type IIA reductions,”
2015
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U. Danielsson and G. Dibitetto, “Geometric non-geometry,”
2015
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J. Blaback, U. H. Danielsson, G. Dibitetto, and S. C. Vargas, “Universal dS vacua in STU-models,”
2015
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I. Bena and S. Kuperstein, “Brane polarization is no cure for tachyons,”
2015
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U. H. Danielsson and T. Van Riet, “Fatal attraction: more on decaying anti-branes,”
2015
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B. Michel, E. Mintun, J. Polchinski, A. Puhm, and P. Saad, “Remarks on brane and antibrane dynamics,”
2015
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M. Bertolini, D. Musso, I. Papadimitriou, and H. Raj, “A goldstino at the bottom of the cascade,”
2015
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I. Bena, M. Grana, S. Kuperstein, and S. Massai, “Giant Tachyons in the Landscape,”
2015
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T. Buchert
2015
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S. de Alwis, R. K. Gupta, F. Quevedo, and R. Valandro, “On KKLT/CFT and LVS/CFT Dualities,”
2015
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F. F. Gautason, M. Schillo, T. Van Riet, and M. Williams, “Remarks on scale separation in flux vacua,”
2016
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D. Junghans, “Tachyons in Classical de Sitter Vacua,”
2016
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R. Blumenhagen, C. Damian, A. Font, D. Herschmann, and R. Sun, “The Flux-Scaling Scenario: De Sitter Uplift and Axion Inflation,”
2016
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M. Cicoli, F. Quevedo, and R. Valandro, “De Sitter from T-branes,”
2016
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I. Bena, J. Blaback, and D. Turton, “Loop corrections to the antibrane potential,”
2016
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D. Cohen-Maldonado, J. Diaz, T. Van Riet, and B. Vercnocke, “Observations on fluxes near anti-branes,”
2016
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D. Cohen-Maldonado, J. Diaz, and F. F. Gautason, “Polarised antibranes from Smarr relations,”
2016
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J. Armas, J. Gath, V. Niarchos, N. A. Obers, and A. V. Pedersen, “Forced Fluid Dynamics from Blackfolds in General Supergravity Backgrounds,”
2016
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F. Ferrari and A. Rovai, “Gravity and On-Shell Probe Actions,”
2016
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S. P. de Alwis, “Constraints on Dbar Uplifts,”
2016
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T. Bautista and A. Dabholkar, “Quantum Cosmology Near Two Dimensions,”
2016
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U. H. Danielsson, G. Dibitetto, and S. C. Vargas, “Universal isolation in the AdS landscape,”
2016
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T. Hertog and E. van der Woerd, “Primordial fluctuations from complex AdS saddle points,”
2016
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D. Andriot and J. Blåbäck, “Refining the boundaries of the classical de Sitter landscape,”
2017
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D. Gallego, M. C. D. Marsh, B. Vercnocke, and T. Wrase, “A New Class of de Sitter Vacua in Type IIB Large Volume Compactifications,”
2017
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D. Andriot, J. Blåbäck, and T. Van Riet, “Minkowski flux vacua of type II supergravities,”
2017
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U. H. Danielsson, F. F. Gautason, and T. Van Riet, “Unstoppable brane-flux decay of
2017
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I. Bena and M. Graña, “String cosmology and the landscape,”
2017
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U. H. Danielsson, G. Dibitetto, and S. C. Vargas, “A swamp of non-SUSY vacua,”
2017
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E. Kiritsis, F. Nitti, and L. Silva Pimenta, “Exotic RG Flows from Holography,”
2017
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U. Danielsson and G. Dibitetto, “Fate of stringy AdS vacua and the weak gravity conjecture,”
2017
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N. Afshordi, C. Coriano, L. Delle Rose, E. Gould, and K. Skenderis, “From Planck data to Planck era: Observational tests of Holographic Cosmology,”
2017
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D. Anninos, T. Hartman, and A. Strominger, “Higher Spin Realization of the dS/CFT Correspondence,”
2017
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1801.09173
S. H. H. Tye, “Why the Cosmological Constant is so Small ? A String Theory Perspective,” 2018 · 2018
Closest in time.
T. Markkanen, “De Sitter Stability and Coarse Graining,”
2018
Closest in time.
T. Hertog, G. Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, T. Van Riet, and G. Venken, “Supersymmetric dS/CFT,”
2018
Closest in time.
R. Dijkgraaf, B. Heidenreich, P. Jefferson, and C. Vafa, “Negative Branes, Supergroups and the Signature of Spacetime,”
2018
Closest in time.
U. H. Danielsson, S. S. Haque, G. Shiu, and T. Van Riet, “Towards Classical de Sitter Solutions in String Theory,”
2041
Closest in time.