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We demonstrate that state-of-the-art optical character recognition (OCR) based on deep learning is vulnerable to adversarial images.
Results of applying probabilistic IR to OCR text
1994
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LeRec: A NN/HMM hybrid for on-line handwriting recognition
1995
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WordNet: A lexical database for English
1995
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Long short-term memory
1997
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Advances in the BBN BYBLOS OCR system
1999
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A document retrieval method from handwritten characters based on OCR and character shape information
2001
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A sentimental education: Sentiment analysis using subjectivity summarization based on minimum cuts
2004
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Connectionist temporal classification: Labelling unsegmented sequence data with recurrent neural networks
2006
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An overview of the Tesseract OCR engine
2007
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Improving offline handwritten text recognition with hybrid HMM/ANN models
2011
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Learning word vectors for sentiment analysis
2011
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Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
2012
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End-to-end text recognition with convolutional neural networks
2012
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The impact of OCR accuracy on automated cancer classification of pathology reports
2012
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High-performance OCR for printed English and Fraktur using LSTM networks
2013
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Intriguing properties of neural networks
2013
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Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples
2014
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Convolutional neural networks for sentence classification
2014
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Adam: A method for stochastic optimization
2014
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Deepface: Closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification
2014
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Cocaine noodles: Exploiting the gap between human and machine speech recognition
2015
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TensorFlow: A system for large-scale machine learning
2016
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https://www.abbyy.com/en-eu/ocr-sdk/key-features/classification
Abbyy automatic document classification · 2016
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Hidden voice commands
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
http://jocr.sourceforge.net/
GOCR · 2016
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https://books.google.com/
Google Books · 2016
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https://cloud.google.com/speech/
Google Speech API · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
https://translate.google.com/
Google Translate · 2016
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Adversarial examples in the physical world
2016
https://translate.yandex.com/ocr
Yandex Translate · 2016
Later among the works it cites.
Classifying receipts and invoices in visma mobile scanner, 2016
2016
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Synthesizing robust adversarial examples
2017
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Synthetic and natural noise both break neural machine translation
2017
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Towards evaluating the robustness of neural networks
2017
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Houdini: Fooling deep structured visual and speech recognition models with adversarial examples
2017
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Automated invoice handling with machine learning and OCR
2016
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Delving into transferable adversarial examples and black-box attacks
2016
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https://github.com/tmbdev/ocropy/
OCRopus · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
http://www.openalpr.com/
OpenALPR · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
Transferability in machine learning: From phenomena to black-box attacks using adversarial samples
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Robust physical-world attacks on deep learning models
2017
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Countering adversarial images using input transformations
2017
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Deceiving Google’s Perspective API built for detecting toxic comments
2017
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Adversarial attacks on neural network policies
2017
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Adversarial examples for evaluating reading comprehension systems
2017
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Towards deep learning models resistant to adversarial attacks
2017
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Breaking NLP: Using morphosyntax, semantics, pragmatics and world knowledge to fool sentiment analysis systems
2017
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Towards crafting text adversarial samples
2017
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Ensemble adversarial training: Attacks and defenses
2017
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Adversarial examples for semantic segmentation and object detection
2017
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Can you fool AI with adversarial examples on a visual Turing test?
2017
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DolphinAttack: Inaudible voice commands
2017
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Generating natural adversarial examples
2017
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Obfuscated gradients give a false sense of security: Circumventing defenses to adversarial examples
2018
Closest in time.
Audio adversarial examples: Targeted attacks on speech-to-text
2018
Closest in time.