Production of single-charm hadrons by quark combination mechanism in $p$-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV

Understand

If QGP-like medium is created in $p$-Pb collisions at extremely high collision energies, charm quarks that move in the medium can hadronize by capturing the co-moving light quark(s) or anti-quark(s) to form the charm hadrons.

• Using light quark $p_{T}$ spectra extracted from the experimental data of light-flavor hadrons and a charm quark $p_{T}$ spectrum that is consistent with perturbative QCD calculations, the central-rapidity data of $p_{T}$ spectra and the spectrum ratios for $D$ mesons in the low $p_{T}$ range ($p_{T}\lesssim7$ GeV/$c$) in minimum-bias $p$-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV are well described by quark combination mechanism in equal-velocity combination approximation.
• The $\Lambda_{c}^{+}/D^{0}$ ratio in quark combination mechanism exhibits the typical increase-peak-decrease behavior as the function of $p_{T}$, and the shape of the ratio for $p_{T}\gtrsim3$ GeV/$c$ is in agreement with the data of ALICE collaboration in central rapidity region $-0.96<y<0.04$ and the preliminary data of LHCb collaboration in forward rapidity region $1.5<y<4.0$.
• The global production of single-charm baryons is quantified using the data and the possible enhancement (relative to light flavor baryons) is discussed.