Data-driven model of the cosmic-ray flux and mass composition from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV

Understand

We present a new parametrization of the cosmic-ray flux and its mass composition over an energy range from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV.

• Our approach is data-driven and relies on theoretical assumptions as little as possible.
• We combine measurements of the flux of individual elements from high-precision satellites and balloon experiments with indirect measurements of mass groups from the leading air shower experiments.
• To our knowledge, we provide the first fit of this kind that consistently takes both statistical and systematic uncertainties into account.