Compactified Cosmological Simulations of the Infinite Universe

Understand

We present a novel $N$-body simulation method that compactifies the infinite spatial extent of the Universe into a finite sphere with isotropic boundary conditions to follow the evolution of the large-scale structure.

• Our approach eliminates the need for periodic boundary conditions, a mere numerical convenience which is not supported by observation and which modifies the law of force on large scales in an unrealistic fashion.
• We demonstrate that our method outclasses standard simulations executed on workstation-scale hardware in dynamic range, it is balanced in following a comparable number of high and low $k$ modes and, its fundamental geometry and topology match observations.
• Our approach is also capable of simulating an expanding, infinite universe in static coordinates with Newtonian dynamics.